The rock art on the walls of the cave near its entrance, being researched by David Morris[39][19] and engraved stones found in the deposit[6] may implicate changing ritual significance.
The deep interior as ritual space
Aspects of the use of the cave's deep interior reaches are also being considered in these terms. Chazan and Horwitz refer, as Beaumont had done, to the introduction of manuports (unmodified natural stones) "with special sensory properties" by terminal Acheulean hominins, more than 180,000 years ago, to the deep interior of the cave which is characterized by "singular acoustic and visual qualities." They argue that the site provides a "unique and extensive diachronic record of milestones in the development of symbolic behavior" and "evidence to support the position that elements of symbolic behaviour emerged long before the dispersal of modern humans out of Africa."[38]
Wonderwerk Cave in literature
Julia Martin devotes a chapter to Wonderwerk Cave in her book A Millimetre of Dust, the title of which was inspired by a remark about the site.[40]
Michael Cope's anthology Ghaap has sonnets inspired by Wonderwerk Cave.[41]
Heritage status
Wonderwerk Cave, within a servitude ceded to the McGregor Museum, was declared a National Monument of South Africa in 1993. It was opened to the public, as a site museum, in 1993. In the same year a major graffiti-removal project was carried out. In 2000 new legislation made the site a Provincial Heritage Site. Between 2003 and 2009 it was assessed in terms of the grading system prescribed by the National Heritage Resources Act and graded as a Grade I site (i.e.: of national significance). Declaration as a National Heritage Site followed, being published in the Government Gazette on 12 March 2010.[42] Coupled in a serial nomination with Border Cave and Klasies River Mouth for South Africa's Tentative List for World Heritage inscription, it was re-nominated in its own right for the Tentative List in April 2009.
↑ Humphreys, AJB; Thackeray, AI (1983), Ghaap and Gariep. Late Stone Age studies in the Northern Cape , Monograph Series No.2, Cape Town: South African Archaeological Society
123Rüther, Heinz; Chazan, Michael; Schroeder, Ralph; Neeser, Rudy; Held, Christoph; Walker, Steven James; Matmon, Ari; Horwitz, Liora Kolska (2009). "Laser scanning for conservation and research of African cultural heritage sites: the case study of Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa". Journal of Archaeological Science. 36 (9): 1847–1856. Bibcode:2009JArSc..36.1847R. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2009.04.012. ISSN0305-4403.
↑Ron, H.; Beaumont, P.; Chazan, M.; Porat, N.; Yates, R.; Horwitz, L.K. (2005), "Evidence for Early Acheulian cave occupation revealed by the magnetostratigraphy of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape", SASQUA XVI, 30th March-3rd April, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
12Bamford, M.; Thackeray, F. (2009), "Continued excavations at Wonderwerk Cave", The Digging Stick, vol.26, no.2, pp.21–22
↑Matmon, A.; Ron, H.; Chazan, M.; Porat, N.; Horwitz, L. K. (2011). "Reconstructing the history of sediment deposition in caves: A case study from Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 124 (3–4): 611–625. doi:10.1130/B30410.1. ISSN0016-7606.
↑Chazan, Michael; Avery, D. Margaret; Bamford, Marion K.; Berna, Francesco; Brink, James; Fernandez-Jalvo, Yolanda; Goldberg, Paul; Holt, Sharon; Matmon, Ari; Porat, Naomi; Ron, Hagai; Rossouw, Lloyd; Scott, Louis; Horwitz, Liora Kolska (2012). "The Oldowan horizon in Wonderwerk Cave (South Africa): Archaeological, geological, paleontological and paleoclimatic evidence". Journal of Human Evolution. 63 (6): 859–866. Bibcode:2012JHumE..63..859C. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.08.008. ISSN0047-2484. PMID23127763.
12Pickering, Robyn (2015). "U–Pb Dating Small Buried Stalagmites from Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa: a New Chronometer for Earlier Stone Age Cave Deposits". African Archaeological Review. 32 (4): 645–668. doi:10.1007/s10437-015-9203-x. ISSN0263-0338. S2CID130387562.
↑Shaar, Ron; Matmon, Ari; Horwitz, Liora K.; Ebert, Yael; Chazan, Michael; Arnold, M.; Aumaître, G.; Bourlès, D.; Keddadouche, K. (1 May 2021). "Magnetostratigraphy and cosmogenic dating of Wonderwerk Cave: New constraints for the chronology of the South African Earlier Stone Age". Quaternary Science Reviews. 259 106907. Bibcode:2021QSRv..25906907S. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106907. ISSN0277-3791. S2CID234833092.
↑"Archaeologists find oldest home in human history, dating to 2 million years ago". Haaretz. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
↑"Early Humans Lived in This South African Cave 2 Million Years Ago, Making It the World's Oldest Home, Archaeologists Say". Artnet News. 27 April 2021. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
↑"We've been at it a long time". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 30 April 2021.
↑Thackeray, J.F. (1984). Man, animals and extinctions: the analysis of Holocene faunal remains from Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa (PhD). Yale University.
↑Avery, D.M. (1981). "Holocene micro-mammalian faunas from the northern Cape Province, South Africa". South African Journal of Science. 77 (6): 265–273. hdl:10520/AJA00382353_1716.
↑Avery, D.M. (1995). "Southern savannas and Pleistocene hominid adaptations: the micromammalian perspective". In Vrba, Elisabeth S.; Denton, George H.; Partridge, Timothy C.; Burckle, Lloyd H. (eds.). Paleoclimate and Evolution, with Emphasis on Human Origins. Yale University Press. ISBN978-0-300-06348-6.
↑Fernandez-Jalvo, Yolanda; Avery, D. Margaret (2015). "Pleistocene Micromammals and Their Predators at Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa". African Archaeological Review. 32 (4): 751–791. doi:10.1007/s10437-015-9206-7. ISSN0263-0338. S2CID85778379.
↑ Morris, D. (2002). Driekopseiland and the 'rain's magic power': history and landscape in a new interpretation of a Northern Cape rock engraving (Masters). University of the Western Cape . hdl : 11394/151 .