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Wayne is a village in DuPage and Kane counties, Illinois, United States. The eastern portion, in DuPage County, is in Wayne Township, while the western portion, in Kane County, is in St. Charles Township. The population was 2,286 as of the 2020 census.[6]
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Wayne was a prominent center of horse breeding and farming research. The community, situated in a small, rural valley, was known for breeding French Percheron horses, a draught horse similar to a Clydesdale. Wayne was founded in the 1800s at the same time as the similarly named Wayne Center. Wayne Center was located on Army Trail Road at DuPage River crossing and no longer exists. "Downtown" Wayne was originally a railroad outpost built along Glos Street and Army Trail Road. The village is much smaller than the cities that surround it. This is partially due to the native Oak savanna landscape between the DuPage and Fox rivers, with Tallgrass prairies that retain a large amount of water in the spring season. The village is surrounded by these prairies on three sides, and has taken steps to maintain them in their natural state.
Wayne was originally named Wayne Station and was named after Anthony Wayne.[7] Wayne was incorporated in 1958. Previously, the community was administered as a private association called the "Wayne Community Association" with voluntary contributions funding village services including police.
Since World War II, Wayne has grown steadily, adding subdivisions near Illinois Route 59, off Munger Road, near Smith Road, near Dunham Castle at Army Trail Road, along Powis Road, and filling in throughout the Village. For work, residents are primarily commuters to Chicago via railroad stations in Geneva, Bartlett, or West Chicago or drive to Chicago or other suburbs particularly in Kane, DuPage, Lake, Cook, or McHenry County.
2007年10月、歴史的なシカゴ・アンド・ノースウェスタン鉄道駅が、ダナム城からアーミー・トレイル・ロード沿いのシカゴ・アンド・ノースウェスタン鉄道（現在のユニオン・パシフィック鉄道）の線路に移設されました。駅は元々その場所にありましたが、1940年代か1950年代にダナム城に移転し、古い駅舎は馬小屋に転用されました。ダナム城の所有者からの助成金と寄付により、駅は元の場所に戻され、現在修復中です。この建物は地元では「ザ・デポ」と呼ばれています。その他、アーミー・トレイル・ロード沿いのマンガー・ロードから西に約0.5マイルの地点にある駅舎など、村内の私有地に移設された鉄道関連施設もあります。
ウェインの主要なランドマークは、1878年から1882年の間に建てられたダナム城です。小塔を備えたこの石造りの建物は、ノルマン様式の城に着想を得ており、ウェインの初期の開拓者の一人であるペルシュロン種の馬のブリーダー、マーク・ダナムによって建てられました。マークの設計を支援したのは、イリノイ州エルジンの建築家スミス・ホーグでした。[ 8 ]
マーク・ダナムが1866年にウェインに設立した馬牧場、オークローン・ファームは、米国で最も初期のペルシュロン種繁殖牧場の1つであり、ダナムは「北米におけるペルシュロンの父」として知られています。1893年のシカゴ万国博覧会の期間中、シカゴからウェインまで列車が運行され、2,000エーカー（8.1平方キロメートル）の牧場でペルシュロン馬を見物する人々が訪れました。この旅に参加した人々の中には、サイラス・マコーミック、ジョージ・プルマン、ベラグア公爵などがいました。
ペルシュロン種の羊の飼育事業が最盛期を迎えた頃、ダナムは農場の近く、アーミー・トレイル・ロードとダナム・ロードの北西角に、現在ダナム城と呼ばれる邸宅を建てました。ダナム一家は、この新しい邸宅のデザインをフランスのシャトーを参考にしました。レンガと石造りで、色とりどりのスレート屋根を持つこの建物は、森、庭園、そして緩やかな傾斜の芝生に囲まれています。内部には寄木細工の床、彫像、タペストリー、そしてフランスの優れた美術品の複製が飾られています。
1899年、ワース・ダナムがダナム城を相続しました。彼は1931年に亡くなりました。1953年、ダナム城は4つの広々としたアパートメントに改装されました。建物の構造に影響を与えるような内部の変更は行われませんでした。1953年から1976年の間に、数人の所有者がいました。1976年、城はグリフィン一家に売却され、彼らはこの建物を博物館、専門事務所、またはプライベートダイニングクラブにすることを検討しました。1976年、この建物は売りに出されました。
The castle has been rarely open to public tours, and for charity fund raisers.[9][10] The house is again privately owned, having been sold in October 2013 and in early 2016 started extensive renovation by its private owner with completion in 2023.
When Mark Dunham finished the construction of Dunham Castle, and made it his primary residence, the original Dunham home evolved into an inn and sales pavilion for the Dunham family's Oaklawn Farm. However, Percheron horse demand declined steadily as gas-powered cars, trucks, and farm implements grew in popularity, finally making Percherons a novelty or parade horse, and Oaklawn Farm ceased operation as a commercial enterprise. The offices of Dunham's farm, then popularly known as the “Inn”, are well-preserved, now home to Wayne's only dining establishment and social club, the Dunham Woods Riding Club.
The Dunham Woods Riding Club was founded in 1934 by a group of Wayne and Geneva residents who leased the original Dunham family home. A fire destroyed the original old coach house in 1950 and the proceeds of the insurance were utilized by the club to purchase the Inn, the Lower Barn, swimming pool, tennis courts, and surrounding land. The Gray Room ballroom, Formal Dining Room and a new kitchen were added in 1957.
In 1961, the Wayne-DuPage Hunt was instrumental in purchasing more land from Dunham's Inc., including the Kennels and Upper Barn. This purchase was made in the name of the Dunham Woods Riding Club. Additional land was purchased in 1975, which included the outdoor riding rings, indoor riding ring, outside cross-country course, tenant house, and new pole barn all of which are leased to the Hunt by the club.
In 1979, the four corners comprising the intersection of Army Trail and Dunham Roads, The Dunham Woods Riding Club and Dunham Castle, together with the additional surrounding land and outbuildings were accepted into the National Register of Historic Places.
The Village of Wayne is committed to preserving its equestrian nature and reputation. The village has miles of equestrian paths, as well as dozens of horse farms, riding centers, and boarding stables. The Wayne-DuPage Hunt, founded in the 1920s, is one of only two fox hunt groups continuing to hunt within metro Chicago, the other being the Mill Creek Hunt in far north Wadsworth. Wayne-DuPage is a drag hunt, not chasing live foxes. The hunt involves kennels for some 60 fox hounds and a membership list of 150, though 80 riders represent a good turnout on a crisp fall weekend. Traditions such as the stirrup cup, sherry or brandy served at the start or finish, and the hunt breakfast, refreshments served at the end, have been preserved. The Wayne-DuPage Hunt Pony Club is a related organization for teaching young people riding, training and horse care.
Housing in the Village of Wayne varies from small bungalows to multimillion-dollar estates. There are several subdivisions within the Village with house size and value more or less uniform within a given subdivision. Most subdivisions have one to 3-acre (12,000 m2) zoning. Much of the modern housing has been built since the 1970s. Some houses in the Village date to the late 19th century. In DuPage County, a minimum of 2 acres (8,100 m2) is needed to keep horses. In Kane County, property outside of subdivisions must be at least 4 acres (16,000 m2).[11][12] A property with at least 2 acres (8,100 m2) in either county is locally called "zoned horses" with one horse allowed per acre. Outbuildings are permitted but must follow Village rules that restrict usage generally to horse stables. Architecture varies within the Village but there are several "New England" style homes.
Residents and guests celebrate Flag Day in June each year with a parade and picnic on the Sunday nearest June 14. This parade often features more participants than spectators. The parade begins at Railroad Street at Army Trail Road and is open to all. The parade ends at the Little Home Church 1025¼ feet east. Wayne residents and guests in the church courtyard eat donated cakes and bring picnics. A Jazz band serenades the guests. A Wayne Citizen of the Year, honored for contributions to the village, is traditionally announced at this event.[13] This event is run by the Wayne Community Association in conjunction with the Village of Wayne. Until 2005 this event served as the annual meeting of the Wayne Community Association.
Residents and guests celebrate Wayne Day around the first Saturday in October each year in the fields east of the Dunham Club with a kite flying, picnic, and evening bonfire.[14] Started around 1997, this annual event highlights community organizations, local politicians, and historic exhibits. This event is run by community organizations in conjunction with the Village of Wayne. The 2009 event commemorated the 175th anniversary of the founding of Wayne.
In addition, other events have been held to raise funds for the Wayne Police Department, including a 2017 "Wayne Wine and Horse Fest" fundraising event that drew over 1,200 area people and raised over $42,000 for the Wayne Police Department.[15] Subsequent "Wayne Wine and Horse Fest" events have been held and raised additional funding for the Wayne Police Department.
The Village of Wayne started hosting an annual Christmas Tree lighting by the Old Depot building in 2021.
Wayne contains a large forest preserve. Pratt's Wayne Woods is the largest forest preserve in DuPage County. Located in the county's northwest corner, the preserve's 3,462 acres (14.01 km2) combine with Illinois Department of Natural Resource land adjacent on the north to form a continuous 4,000 acres (16 km2) stretch of land, a scarce resource in a growing urban area. The savannas, marshes, meadows and wetlands of Pratt's Wayne Woods offer a myriad of nature-loving opportunities and recreational excursions. The preserve's Brewster Creek area is the site of a major wetland restoration program.
The area now known as Pratt's Wayne Woods first took form in 1965 with a donation of 160 acres (0.65 km2) by the state of Illinois. Thanks to the efforts of George Pratt, a township supervisor and a preserve commissioner during the 1960s and 1970s, the Forest Preserve District began to purchase additional lands that comprise Pratt's Wayne Woods today.
The first private land owner of this area was Mark Wentworth Fletcher, a surveyor who made his living in Geneva, Dundee, Elgin, St. Charles and Wayne. Fletcher purchased 320 acres (1.3 km2) from the federal government on February 18, 1846, and built a farmhouse along Dunham Road.
After Fletcher's death in 1900, the land changed ownership a few times before Mark Morton purchased it in 1926. One of the founders of the Morton Salt Company, Morton excavated the farm's southwest corner for sand and gravel. Land that was not used in the mineral operations was farmed for grain and corn up until a few years before Morton's death in 1951.
The land was later purchased by Franz Palm, who transformed the area into a sportsman's hunting and fishing lodge. The Palm family had originally intended their park to be their retirement place; however, the state of Illinois had other plans. The state purchased the original 320 acres (1.3 km2) with the intention of creating a state park. Once this idea was abandoned, George Pratt convinced the District to purchase the quarry area for a forest preserve. In 1974, Pratt expanded the preserve by selling his adjacent 250 acres (1.0 km2) Maple Spring Farm to the District.
Since the early 20th century, the complex of wetlands in Pratt's Wayne Woods’ Brewster Creek area have been artificially drained by a system of buried clay pipes. The Forest Preserve District is now removing these drain tiles to restore this vital habitat, which over the years has become home to several threatened and endangered plant and animal species.
In 1990, plans to form DuPage County's only state park were revived when the state and the Forest Preserve District purchased more than 300 acres (1.2 km2) in the area of Pratt's Wayne Woods for that purpose. James "Pate" Philip State Park is located just north of Pratt's Wayne Woods. A 24,000 square foot (2,200 m2) visitors center that also houses the Illinois Department of Natural Resources’ Region 2 headquarters opened in April 2003.
In 2004, an area east of Honey Hill Road and south of Army Trail Road was purchased by the DuPage Forest Preserve District from Oliver-Hoffman Corporation. This area, still under park development by Dupage Forest Preserve in 2016, is known as Dunham Woods and is adjacent to portions of Pratts Wayne Woods in its southeast section.[20]
According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Wayne has a total area of 5.82 square miles (15.07 km2), of which 5.73 square miles (14.84 km2) (or 98.40%) is land and 0.09 square miles (0.23 km2) (or 1.60%) is water.[21] Wayne is dotted by small streams, wetlands, and small ponds.
2020年の国勢調査によると、ウェインの人口は2,286人でした。中央年齢は50.7歳でした。住民の18.1%が18歳未満で、21.5%が65歳以上でした。女性100人に対して男性は97.9人で、18歳以上の女性100人に対して18歳以上の男性は99.4人でした。[ 26 ] [ 27 ]
住民の62.9%が都市部に居住し、37.1%が農村部に居住していた。[ 28 ]
ウェインには827世帯があり、そのうち695家族で、27.1%の世帯に18歳未満の子供が住んでいました。全世帯のうち、73.0%が夫婦世帯、9.7%が男性世帯主で配偶者やパートナーがいない世帯、13.4%が女性世帯主で配偶者やパートナーがいない世帯でした。全世帯の約15.2%が単身世帯で、8.3%は65歳以上の単身世帯でした。平均世帯人数は3.18人、平均家族人数は2.79人でした。[ 26 ]
住宅戸数は890戸で、そのうち7.1%が空室だった。持ち家空室率は2.6%、賃貸空室率も2.6%だった。[ 26 ]
人口密度は1平方マイルあたり392.58人（ 1平方キロメートルあたり151.58人）、住宅密度は1平方マイルあたり152.84戸（ 1平方キロメートルあたり59.01戸）であった。[ 27 ]
村の世帯収入の中央値は132,695ドル、家族収入の中央値は150,568ドルでした。男性の収入の中央値は88,514ドル、女性は40,069ドルでした。村の一人当たりの収入は61,007ドルでした。約1.2%の家族と1.0%の住民が貧困線以下で生活しており、18歳未満の住民はゼロ、65歳以上の住民は1.3%でした。
この村は、南部と西部はセントチャールズ学区303 、中央部、北部、東部はエルジン地域学区U-46によって管轄されています。U-46は、クック郡、デュページ郡、ケーン郡の約90平方マイル（230 km 2 ）の地域を管轄しています。この地域には、学齢期の子供が約4万人います。U-46はイリノイ州で2番目に大きな学区です。ウェインには独自の小学校、ウェイン小学校があり、U-46の一部で、ウェインとその周辺地域から幼稚園から6年生までの約375人の子供を受け入れています。[ 29 ]
