Loading article…
ジョン・ウールマン・ダグラス（1921年8月15日 - 2010年6月2日）は、アメリカの弁護士であり公民権擁護者で、個人開業弁護士として、また1960年代にはアメリカ合衆国司法次官補として、公民権運動を推進した。
ダグラスはフィラデルフィアで生まれ、後に家族と共にシカゴに移住した。彼の父、ポール・ダグラスは経済学の教授で、後にイリノイ州選出の上院議員を3期務めた。彼の母、ドロシーは経済学と社会学の教授だった。[ 1 ]
彼は1943年にプリンストン大学で学士号を取得し、学部生に与えられる最高の栄誉であるモーゼス・テイラー・パイン名誉賞を受賞しました。大学卒業後、彼はアメリカ海軍に入隊し、第二次世界大戦中はPTボートの士官として従軍しました。兵役を終えた後、 1948年にイェール大学ロースクールで法学の学位を取得し、 1950年にはローズ奨学生としてオックスフォード大学で政治学の博士号を取得しました。[ 1 ]
オックスフォード大学で学位を取得後、 1951年と1952年にアメリカ合衆国最高裁判所判事ハロルド・ヒッツ・バートンの法律事務官を務めた。
During the presidency of John F. Kennedy, Douglas was part of a four-member committee that arranged for the release of Cuban exiles who had participated in the Bay of Pigs Invasion, negotiating a deal in which the 1,113 prisoners were released in exchange for food and medicine worth $53 million.[2] He was later named as head of the United States Department of Justice Civil Division, where he was assigned by United States Attorney GeneralRobert F. Kennedy to coordinate logistical and security considerations of the August 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom together with Bayard Rustin and other organizers of the event, an event that culminated with Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech.[1] Douglas bore responsibility for details of the march down to the level of ensuring the adequacy of portable toilets on the Mall. Victor S. Navasky, biographer of Robert F. Kennedy's Justice Department, stated that Douglas "shares historic credit for the orderliness and smoothness and joy of that day".[2]
In 1966, he left the Department of Justice to work on his father's bid for a fourth term in the Senate, a race he lost to Republican Charles H. Percy. He co-chaired the efforts by the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law in the early 1970s to have volunteers ensure that schools in the South were integrating classes within schools. While with the law firm of Covington & Burling, he continued his advocacy work at the Washington Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights and Urban Affairs, as president of the National Legal Aid and Defender Association and as chairman of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.[1]
Douglas died at age 88, due to complications of a stroke in his home in Washington, D.C. He was survived by a daughter, a son, four grandchildren and a great-grandson. His wife, the former Mary St. John, died in 2007 after 62 years of marriage.[1]