Grammar book

A grammar book is a book or treatise describing the grammar of one or more languages. In linguistics, such a book is itself frequently referred to as a grammar.

Etymology

Ancient Greek had the term τέκνή γραμματική (téchnē grammatikḗ, 'skill in the use of letters'), which was adapted into Latin as ars grammatica. This term was used in the title of works about writing and language, which came to be known in English as grammar-books or grammars.^[1]^:72

Definition

Although the style and content of grammar-books varies enormously, they generally aim for a fairly systematic and comprehensive survey of one language's phonetics, morphology, syntax and word-formation. Since languages vary across time, space, social groups, genres, and so forth, grammars inevitably cannot represent every single aspect of a language, but usually select a particular variety with a view to a particular readership.^[1]^:73–74

The readerships of grammars and their needs vary widely. Grammars may be intended for native-speakers of a language or for learners. Many grammars are written for use by children learning a language in a school environment. Many grammars are reference grammars, intended not to be read from beginning to end like a textbook, but to enable readers to check particular details as the need arises. Some grammars are prescriptive, aiming to tell readers how they ought to use language; others are descriptive, aiming to tell readers how language is used in reality. In either case, popular grammars can be enormously influential on language-use.^[1]^:73–74

History

The earliest known descriptive linguistic writing, leading to early grammar-books, took place in a Sanskrit community in northern India; the best known scholar of that linguistic tradition was Pāṇini, whose works are commonly dated to around the 5th century BCE.^[2] The earliest known grammar of a Western language is the second-century BCE Art of Grammar attributed to Dionysius Thrax, a grammar of Greek.

Key stages in the history of English grammars include Ælfric of Eynsham's composition around 995 CE of a grammar in Old English based on a compilation of two Latin grammars, Aelius Donatus's Ars maior and Priscian's Institutiones grammaticae. This was intended for use by English-speaking students of Latin, and is the first known grammar of Latin written in a vernacular language, but was arguably also intended to use Latin as a basis for explaining English grammar.^[3] A key step in the development of English grammars was the 1586 publication of William Bullokar's published his Pamphlet for Grammar, which used a framework derived from Latin grammars to show how English too had grammatical structures and rules.^[1]^:74 Numerous grammars aimed at foreign learners of English, sometimes written in Latin, were published in the seventeenth century, while the eighteenth saw the emergence of English-language grammars aiming to instruct their Anglophone audiences in what the authors viewed as correct grammar, including an increasingly literate audience of women and children; this trend continued into the early twentieth century.^[1]^:74–78 A key shift in grammar-writing is represented by Charles Carpenter Fries' 1952 The Structure of English, which aimed to give up-to-date, descriptive rather than prescriptive, information on English grammar, and drew on recordings of live speech to inform its claims.^[1]^:74

List of first printed grammars (1450–1800)

References

123456Andrew Linn, 'English Grammar Writing', in The Handbook of English Linguistics, ed. by Bas Aarts and April McMahon (Oxford: Blackwell, 2006), pp. 72–92.
↑François & Ponsonnet (2013).
↑Melinda J. Menzer, 'Ælfric's English Grammar', The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, 103 (2004), 106-24.
↑Ingelhart, Louis E. (1998). Press and Speech Freedoms in the World, from Antiquity until 1998: A Chronology. Greenwood. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-313-30851-2.
↑Dondi, Cristina (2020). Printing R-evolution and Society 1450-1500: Fifty Years that Changed Europe. Edizioni Ca' Foscari - Digital Publishing. pp. 279–297. ISBN 978-88-6969-333-5.
↑Waltke, Bruce K.; O'Connor, Michael Patrick (1990). An introduction to biblical Hebrew syntax. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns. p. 39. ISBN 0931464315.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Considine, John (22 December 2016). Small Dictionaries and Curiosity: Lexicography and Fieldwork in Post-Medieval Europe. Oxford University Press. pp. 243–265. ISBN 978-0-19-108793-6.
↑Toomer, G. J. (1996). Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-century England. Clarendon Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-19-820291-2.
↑Gzella, Holger (2015). "A Cultural History of Aramaic: From the Beginnings to the Advent of Islam". A Cultural History of Aramaic. Brill. p. 5. ISBN 978-90-04-28510-1.
↑Nadeau, Jean-Benoît; Barlow, Julie (8 January 2008). The Story of French. Macmillan + ORM. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-4299-3240-0.
↑Stankiewicz 1984, p. 3.
↑Mateus, Maria Helena; d'Andrade, Ernesto (8 June 2000). The Phonology of Portuguese. OUP Oxford. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-19-159050-4.
↑Baddeley, Susan; Voeste, Anja (30 July 2012). Orthographies in Early Modern Europe. Walter de Gruyter. p. 338. ISBN 978-3-11-028817-9.
↑Loop, Jan; Hamilton, Alastair; Burnett, Charles (13 February 2017). The Teaching and Learning of Arabic in Early Modern Europe. Brill. p. 213. ISBN 978-90-04-33862-3.
↑Raheb, Mitri; Lamport, Mark A. (2020). The Rowman & Littlefield Handbook of Christianity in the Middle East. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 290. ISBN 978-1-5381-2418-5.
↑Degl’Innocenti, Luca; Richardson, Brian; Sbordoni, Chiara (2 March 2016). Interactions between Orality and Writing in Early Modern Italian Culture. Routledge. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-317-11476-5.
↑Kelly, Samantha (2024). Translating faith: Ethiopian pilgrims in Renaissance Rome. Harvard University Press. p. 243. ISBN 9780674294172.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Fountain, Catherine (2024). "2 Missionary linguistics in Mesoamerica". In Wichmann, Søren (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of Mexico and Northern Central America: A Comprehensive Guide. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 5–32. ISBN 978-3-11-042170-5.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Adelaar, Willem F. H. (27 January 2012). "Historical overview: Descriptive and comparative research on South American Indian languages". The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 1–58. ISBN 978-3-11-025803-5.
↑Stankiewicz 1984, p. 35.
↑Stankiewicz 1984, p. 98.
↑Paxman, David B. (2 March 2017). Voyage into Language: Space and the Linguistic Encounter, 1500–1800. Routledge. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-351-87415-1.
↑Stankiewicz 1984, p. 77.
1 2 3Vibar, Arwin (2021). "Grammar Writing in the Philippines (1610-1904)". Moenia. 27. doi:10.15304/moenia.id6930.
↑Zhiri, Oumelbanine Nina (5 September 2023). Beyond Orientalism: Ahmad ibn Qasim al-Hajari between Europe and North Africa. Univ of California Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-520-39046-1.
↑Palabıyık, Nil Ö (2023). Silent teachers: Turkish books and oriental learning in early modern Europe, 1544-1669. Routledge. p. 205. ISBN 978-0367359782.
1 2Mithun, Marianne (7 June 2001). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press. pp. 4–5. ISBN 978-0-521-29875-9.
↑Considine, John P. (2017). Small Dictionaries and Curiosity: Lexicography and Fieldwork in Post-medieval Europe. Oxford University Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-19-878501-9.
↑Hamilton, Alastair (2006). The Copts and the West, 1439-1822: The European Discovery of the Egyptian Church. OUP Oxford. pp. 199–206. ISBN 978-0-19-928877-9.
↑Trask, R. L. (13 September 2013). The History of Basque. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-136-16756-0.
↑Bruijn, J. T. P. (31 October 2008). General Introduction to Persian Literature: History of Persian Literature A, Vol I. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 282. ISBN 978-0-85773-650-5.
↑Neill, Stephen (1984). A History of Christianity in India: The Beginnings to AD 1707. Cambridge University Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-521-54885-4.
↑Brackmann, Rebecca (2023). Old English Scholarship in the Seventeenth Century: Medievalism and National Crisis. Boydell & Brewer. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-84384-652-9.
↑Baldi, Philip (1 June 2011). Linguistic Change and Reconstruction Methodology. Walter de Gruyter. p. 360. ISBN 978-3-11-088609-2.
↑Lobel, J. W. (1 January 2006). "Bikol". Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (Second ed.). Elsevier. pp. 771–773. ISBN 978-0-08-044854-1.
↑Zwartjes, Otto; Troia, Paolo De (2021). Missionary Linguistics VI: Missionary Linguistics in Asia. Selected papers from the Tenth International Conference on Missionary Linguistics, Rome, 21–24 March 2018. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 202. ISBN 978-90-272-5843-4.
↑Koerner, E. F. K.; Asher, R. E. (28 June 2014). Concise History of the Language Sciences: From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists. Elsevier. p. 181. ISBN 978-1-4832-9754-5.
↑Kamusella, T. (16 December 2008). The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe. Springer. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-230-58347-4.
1 2Cole, Desmond T. (21 August 2017). "THE HISTORY OF AFRICAN LINGUISTICS TO 1945". Linguistics in Sub-Saharan Africa. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 1–29. ISBN 978-3-11-156252-0.
↑Lobel, J. W. (1 January 2006). "Samar-Leyte". Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (Second ed.). Elsevier. pp. 734–736. ISBN 978-0-08-044854-1.
↑Granberry, Julian; Vescelius, Gary (19 August 2004). Languages of the Pre-Columbian Antilles. University of Alabama Press. pp. 59–62. ISBN 978-0-8173-5123-6.
↑Deumert, Ana; Vandenbussche, Wim (1 January 2003). Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 80. ISBN 978-90-272-1856-8.
↑Lach, Donald F. (1993). Asia in the Making of Europe: Vol. 3. A century of advance / Donald F. Lach and Edwin J. Van Kley. Trade, missions, literature. Book 1. University of Chicago Press. p. 495. ISBN 978-0-226-46753-5.
↑Stankiewicz 1984, p. 61.
↑Bremmer, Rolf H. (1 January 1992). "The First Grammar of Frisian (1681)". Diversions of Galway: Papers on the history of linguistics from ICHoLS V. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 59–72. ISBN 978-90-272-4555-7.
1 2 3 4Landeros, Rosío del Carmen Molina (2020). Gramáticas Jesuíticas del Noroeste Novohispano (Siglos XVII-XVIII) (in Spanish). Editorial UABC. ISBN 978-607-607-477-0.
↑Saarela, Marten Soderblom (2020). The Early Modern Travels of Manchu: A Script and Its Study in East Asia and Europe. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-8122-5207-1.
↑Klein, Jared S.; Ratkus, Arturas (11 September 2024). Studies in Gothic. Oxford University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-19-889670-8.
↑Sueiro Justel, Joaqun (8 December 2005). "Análisis del Arte de la lengua Pangasinán (1690) de Fray Andrés López". Missionary Linguistics II / Lingüística misionera II: Orthography and Phonology.Selected papers from the Second International Conference on Missionary Linguistics, São Paulo, 10–13 March 2004. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 247–272. ISBN 978-90-272-4600-4.
↑Bandle, Oskar; Elmevik, Lennart; Widmark, Gun (2002). The Nordic Languages: An International Handbook of the History of the North Germanic Languages. Walter de Gruyter. p. 1390. ISBN 978-3-11-017149-5.
↑Stankiewicz 1984, p. 113.
↑Knight, Sarah; Tilg, Stefan (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Neo-Latin. Oxford University Press. p. 567. ISBN 978-0-19-994818-5.
↑Ben-Tov, Asaph; Loop, Jan; Mulsow, Martin, eds. (2023). Hiob Ludolf and Johann Michael Wansleben: Oriental Studies, Politics, and History between Gotha and Africa, 1650-1700. BRILL. p. 10. ISBN 978-90-04-54819-0.
↑Brown, Keith; Ogilve, Sarah, eds. (6 April 2010). Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Elsevier. p. 667. ISBN 978-0-08-087775-4.
↑Hernández, Esther (30 April 2021). Lexicografía hispano-amerindia 1550-1800: Catálogo descriptivo de los vocabularios del español y las lenguas indígenas americanas (in Spanish). BOD GmbH DE. p. 168. ISBN 978-84-16922-68-0.
↑Koch, John T.; Minard, Antone (2012). The Celts: History, Life, and Culture [2 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 430. ISBN 979-8-216-05865-6.
↑Wickremasuriya, Sarathchandra (1978). "The beginnings of the Sinhalese Printing Press". Senarat Paranavitana Commemoration Volume. Brill. pp. 283–300. ISBN 978-90-04-64647-6.
↑Miodunka, Władysław (1987). Language and Nation: Material from a Symposium. Jagiellonian University. p. 41. ISBN 978-83-01-07840-9.
↑Ridruejo, Emilio (31 August 2004). "La primitiva tradición gramatical sobre el pampango". Missionary Linguistics/Lingüística misionera: Selected papers from the First International Conference on Missionary Linguistics, Oslo, 13–16 March 2003. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 179–200. ISBN 978-90-272-4597-7.
↑Corráin, Ailbhe Ó; Mathúna, Séamus Mac (1998). Minority Languages in Scandinavia, Britain and Ireland. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. p. 25. ISBN 978-91-554-4111-1.
↑Zwartjes, Otto (2011). Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550-1800. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 75. ISBN 978-90-272-4608-0.
↑Zwartjes, Otto (2011). Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550-1800. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 58. ISBN 978-90-272-8325-2.
↑Nowak, Elke (1 January 1992). "The Case of Eighteenth Century Descriptions of Greenlandic: How to "Improve" a Language". Diversions of Galway: Papers on the history of linguistics from ICHoLS V. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 157–168. ISBN 978-90-272-4555-7.
1 2 3Salmin, Anton Kirillovich (27 March 2020). "First Grammars of the Languages of Peoples of the Ural and Volga Region". Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies. 14 (1): 124–130. doi:10.35634/2224-9443-2020-14-1-124-130.
↑Bartens, Angela (26 June 2013). "Creole languages". Contact Languages: A Comprehensive Guide. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 65–158. ISBN 978-1-61451-371-1.
↑Macdonald, Sharon (15 May 2020). Reimagining Culture: Histories, Identities and the Gaelic Renaissance. Routledge. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-000-18458-7.
↑Offredi, Mariola (2000). The Banyan Tree: Essays in Early Literature in New Indo-Aryan Languages. Manohar. p. 324. ISBN 978-81-7304-277-5.
1 2 3Sanson, Helena L. (2013). "The Romance languages in the Renaissance and after". The Cambridge History of the Romance Languages: Volume 2: Contexts. Cambridge University Press. pp. 237–282. ISBN 978-0-521-80073-0.
↑Lebsanft, Franz; Tacke, Felix (2020). Manual of Standardization in the Romance Languages. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 276. ISBN 978-3-11-045606-6.
↑Bajalan, Djene Rhys; Karimi, Sara Zandi (2017). Studies in Kurdish History: Empire, Ethnicity and Identity. Taylor & Francis. p. 34. ISBN 978-1-317-50216-6.
↑Kochhar, Rajesh (2021). Sanskrit and the British Empire. Taylor & Francis. pp. 13–14. ISBN 978-1-000-43553-5.
↑Stankiewicz 1984, p. 25.
↑Stankiewicz 1984, p. 94.
↑Andronov, Mikhail Sergeevich (1996). A Grammar of the Malayalam Language in Historical Treatment. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 18. ISBN 978-3-447-03811-9.

[:11-1] 123456Andrew Linn, 'English Grammar Writing', in The Handbook of English Linguistics, ed. by Bas Aarts and April McMahon (Oxford: Blackwell, 2006), pp. 72–92.

[FPencyclo-2] François & Ponsonnet (2013).

[3] Melinda J. Menzer, 'Ælfric's English Grammar', The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, 103 (2004), 106-24.

[4] Ingelhart, Louis E. (1998). Press and Speech Freedoms in the World, from Antiquity until 1998: A Chronology. Greenwood. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-313-30851-2.

[5] Dondi, Cristina (2020). Printing R-evolution and Society 1450-1500: Fifty Years that Changed Europe. Edizioni Ca' Foscari - Digital Publishing. pp. 279–297. ISBN 978-88-6969-333-5.

[6] Waltke, Bruce K.; O'Connor, Michael Patrick (1990). An introduction to biblical Hebrew syntax. Winona Lake, Ind: Eisenbrauns. p. 39. ISBN 0931464315.

[cosidine-7] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15Considine, John (22 December 2016). Small Dictionaries and Curiosity: Lexicography and Fieldwork in Post-Medieval Europe. Oxford University Press. pp. 243–265. ISBN 978-0-19-108793-6.

[8] Toomer, G. J. (1996). Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-century England. Clarendon Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-19-820291-2.

[9] Gzella, Holger (2015). "A Cultural History of Aramaic: From the Beginnings to the Advent of Islam". A Cultural History of Aramaic. Brill. p. 5. ISBN 978-90-04-28510-1.

[10] Nadeau, Jean-Benoît; Barlow, Julie (8 January 2008). The Story of French. Macmillan + ORM. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-4299-3240-0.

[FOOTNOTEStankiewicz19843-11] Stankiewicz 1984, p. 3.

[12] Mateus, Maria Helena; d'Andrade, Ernesto (8 June 2000). The Phonology of Portuguese. OUP Oxford. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-19-159050-4.

[13] Baddeley, Susan; Voeste, Anja (30 July 2012). Orthographies in Early Modern Europe. Walter de Gruyter. p. 338. ISBN 978-3-11-028817-9.

[14] Loop, Jan; Hamilton, Alastair; Burnett, Charles (13 February 2017). The Teaching and Learning of Arabic in Early Modern Europe. Brill. p. 213. ISBN 978-90-04-33862-3.

[15] Raheb, Mitri; Lamport, Mark A. (2020). The Rowman & Littlefield Handbook of Christianity in the Middle East. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 290. ISBN 978-1-5381-2418-5.

[16] Degl’Innocenti, Luca; Richardson, Brian; Sbordoni, Chiara (2 March 2016). Interactions between Orality and Writing in Early Modern Italian Culture. Routledge. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-317-11476-5.

[17] Kelly, Samantha (2024). Translating faith: Ethiopian pilgrims in Renaissance Rome. Harvard University Press. p. 243. ISBN 9780674294172.

[fountain-18] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Fountain, Catherine (2024). "2 Missionary linguistics in Mesoamerica". In Wichmann, Søren (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of Mexico and Northern Central America: A Comprehensive Guide. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 5–32. ISBN 978-3-11-042170-5.

[adelaar-19] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9Adelaar, Willem F. H. (27 January 2012). "Historical overview: Descriptive and comparative research on South American Indian languages". The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 1–58. ISBN 978-3-11-025803-5.

[FOOTNOTEStankiewicz198435-20] Stankiewicz 1984, p. 35.

[FOOTNOTEStankiewicz198498-21] Stankiewicz 1984, p. 98.

[22] Paxman, David B. (2 March 2017). Voyage into Language: Space and the Linguistic Encounter, 1500–1800. Routledge. p. 47. ISBN 978-1-351-87415-1.

[FOOTNOTEStankiewicz198477-23] Stankiewicz 1984, p. 77.

[vibar-24] 1 2 3Vibar, Arwin (2021). "Grammar Writing in the Philippines (1610-1904)". Moenia. 27. doi:10.15304/moenia.id6930.

[25] Zhiri, Oumelbanine Nina (5 September 2023). Beyond Orientalism: Ahmad ibn Qasim al-Hajari between Europe and North Africa. Univ of California Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-520-39046-1.

[26] Palabıyık, Nil Ö (2023). Silent teachers: Turkish books and oriental learning in early modern Europe, 1544-1669. Routledge. p. 205. ISBN 978-0367359782.

[mithun-27] 1 2Mithun, Marianne (7 June 2001). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press. pp. 4–5. ISBN 978-0-521-29875-9.

[28] Considine, John P. (2017). Small Dictionaries and Curiosity: Lexicography and Fieldwork in Post-medieval Europe. Oxford University Press. p. 244. ISBN 978-0-19-878501-9.

[29] Hamilton, Alastair (2006). The Copts and the West, 1439-1822: The European Discovery of the Egyptian Church. OUP Oxford. pp. 199–206. ISBN 978-0-19-928877-9.

[30] Trask, R. L. (13 September 2013). The History of Basque. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-136-16756-0.

[31] Bruijn, J. T. P. (31 October 2008). General Introduction to Persian Literature: History of Persian Literature A, Vol I. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 282. ISBN 978-0-85773-650-5.

[32] Neill, Stephen (1984). A History of Christianity in India: The Beginnings to AD 1707. Cambridge University Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-521-54885-4.

[33] Brackmann, Rebecca (2023). Old English Scholarship in the Seventeenth Century: Medievalism and National Crisis. Boydell & Brewer. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-84384-652-9.

[34] Baldi, Philip (1 June 2011). Linguistic Change and Reconstruction Methodology. Walter de Gruyter. p. 360. ISBN 978-3-11-088609-2.

[35] Lobel, J. W. (1 January 2006). "Bikol". Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (Second ed.). Elsevier. pp. 771–773. ISBN 978-0-08-044854-1.

[36] Zwartjes, Otto; Troia, Paolo De (2021). Missionary Linguistics VI: Missionary Linguistics in Asia. Selected papers from the Tenth International Conference on Missionary Linguistics, Rome, 21–24 March 2018. John Benjamins Publishing Company. p. 202. ISBN 978-90-272-5843-4.

[37] Koerner, E. F. K.; Asher, R. E. (28 June 2014). Concise History of the Language Sciences: From the Sumerians to the Cognitivists. Elsevier. p. 181. ISBN 978-1-4832-9754-5.

[38] Kamusella, T. (16 December 2008). The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe. Springer. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-230-58347-4.

[cole-39] 1 2Cole, Desmond T. (21 August 2017). "THE HISTORY OF AFRICAN LINGUISTICS TO 1945". Linguistics in Sub-Saharan Africa. De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 1–29. ISBN 978-3-11-156252-0.

[40] Lobel, J. W. (1 January 2006). "Samar-Leyte". Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics (Second ed.). Elsevier. pp. 734–736. ISBN 978-0-08-044854-1.

[41] Granberry, Julian; Vescelius, Gary (19 August 2004). Languages of the Pre-Columbian Antilles. University of Alabama Press. pp. 59–62. ISBN 978-0-8173-5123-6.

[42] Deumert, Ana; Vandenbussche, Wim (1 January 2003). Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 80. ISBN 978-90-272-1856-8.

[43] Lach, Donald F. (1993). Asia in the Making of Europe: Vol. 3. A century of advance / Donald F. Lach and Edwin J. Van Kley. Trade, missions, literature. Book 1. University of Chicago Press. p. 495. ISBN 978-0-226-46753-5.

[FOOTNOTEStankiewicz198461-44] Stankiewicz 1984, p. 61.

[45] Bremmer, Rolf H. (1 January 1992). "The First Grammar of Frisian (1681)". Diversions of Galway: Papers on the history of linguistics from ICHoLS V. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 59–72. ISBN 978-90-272-4555-7.

[landeros-46] 1 2 3 4Landeros, Rosío del Carmen Molina (2020). Gramáticas Jesuíticas del Noroeste Novohispano (Siglos XVII-XVIII) (in Spanish). Editorial UABC. ISBN 978-607-607-477-0.

[47] Saarela, Marten Soderblom (2020). The Early Modern Travels of Manchu: A Script and Its Study in East Asia and Europe. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-8122-5207-1.

[48] Klein, Jared S.; Ratkus, Arturas (11 September 2024). Studies in Gothic. Oxford University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-19-889670-8.

[49] Sueiro Justel, Joaqun (8 December 2005). "Análisis del Arte de la lengua Pangasinán (1690) de Fray Andrés López". Missionary Linguistics II / Lingüística misionera II: Orthography and Phonology.Selected papers from the Second International Conference on Missionary Linguistics, São Paulo, 10–13 March 2004. John Benjamins Publishing Company. pp. 247–272. ISBN 978-90-272-4600-4.

[50] Bandle, Oskar; Elmevik, Lennart; Widmark, Gun (2002). The Nordic Languages: An International Handbook of the History of the North Germanic Languages. Walter de Gruyter. p. 1390. ISBN 978-3-11-017149-5.

[FOOTNOTEStankiewicz1984113-51] Stankiewicz 1984, p. 113.

[52] Knight, Sarah; Tilg, Stefan (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Neo-Latin. Oxford University Press. p. 567. ISBN 978-0-19-994818-5.

[53] Ben-Tov, Asaph; Loop, Jan; Mulsow, Martin, eds. (2023). Hiob Ludolf and Johann Michael Wansleben: Oriental Studies, Politics, and History between Gotha and Africa, 1650-1700. BRILL. p. 10. ISBN 978-90-04-54819-0.

[54] Brown, Keith; Ogilve, Sarah, eds. (6 April 2010). Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Elsevier. p. 667. ISBN 978-0-08-087775-4.

[55] Hernández, Esther (30 April 2021). Lexicografía hispano-amerindia 1550-1800: Catálogo descriptivo de los vocabularios del español y las lenguas indígenas americanas (in Spanish). BOD GmbH DE. p. 168. ISBN 978-84-16922-68-0.

[56] Koch, John T.; Minard, Antone (2012). The Celts: History, Life, and Culture [2 volumes]. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 430. ISBN 979-8-216-05865-6.

[57] Wickremasuriya, Sarathchandra (1978). "The beginnings of the Sinhalese Printing Press". Senarat Paranavitana Commemoration Volume. Brill. pp. 283–300. ISBN 978-90-04-64647-6.

[58] Miodunka, Władysław (1987). Language and Nation: Material from a Symposium. Jagiellonian University. p. 41. ISBN 978-83-01-07840-9.

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[2]

[3]

Grammar book

Etymology

Definition

History

List of first printed grammars (1450–1800)

See also

Further reading

References

関連するトピック

grammar

linguistics

Ancient Greek

ars grammatica