地理データベース(またはジオデータベース)は、地理参照された空間データベースであり、地理データ(またはジオデータ、つまり地球上の場所に関連付けられたデータ)を保存および操作するために使用されます。 [ a ]特に地理情報システム(GIS)で使用されます。現在、ほとんどすべてのリレーショナルおよびオブジェクトリレーショナルデータベース管理システムには空間拡張機能があり、一部のGISソフトウェアベンダーはデータベース管理システムに独自の空間拡張機能を開発しています。
Any edition of IBM Db2 can be spatially-enabled to implement the OpenGIS spatial functionality with SQL spatial types and functions.
IBM Informix Geodetic and Spatial datablade extensions auto-install on use and expand Informix's datatypes to include multiple standard coordinate systems and support for RTree indexes. Geodetic and Spatial data can also be incorporated with Informix's Timeseries data support for tracking objects in motion over time.
Linter SQL Server supports spatial types and spatial functions according to the OpenGIS specifications.
MySQL DBMS implements the datatype geometry, plus some spatial functions implemented according to the OpenGIS specifications.[14] However, in MySQL version 5.5 and earlier, functions that test spatial relationships are limited to working with minimum bounding rectangles rather than the actual geometries. MySQL versions earlier than 5.0.16 only supported spatial data in MyISAM tables. As of MySQL 5.0.16, InnoDB, NDB, BDB, and ARCHIVE also support spatial features.
OpenLink Virtuoso has supported SQL/MM since version 6.01.3126,[15] with significant enhancements including GeoSPARQL in Open Source Edition 7.2.6, and in Enterprise Edition 8.2.0[16]
SpaceTime is a commercial spatiotemporal database built on top of the proprietary multidimensional index similar to the k-d tree family, but created using the bottom-up approach and adapted to particular space-time distribution of data.
↑Forrest, Matt (2025-05-13). "How to Run Scalable Geospatial Analysis with Apache Sedona – Right From Your Laptop - Matt Forrest". Retrieved 2025-10-10.
↑Alamalhodaei, Aria (2023-06-13). "Wherobots is building a data platform to treat spatial data as a 'first-class citizen'". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2025-09-24.
↑Rubinstein, David (2025-10-30). "Gaining AI insights from spatial data". SD Times. Retrieved 2025-11-03.
↑"Neo4j Spatial is a library of utilities for Neo4j that facilitates the enabling of spatial operations on data. In particular you can add spatial indexes to already located data, and perform spatial". GitHub. 2019-02-18.
Spatial Databases: A Tour, Shashi Shekhar and Sanjay Chawla, Prentice Hall, 2003 (ISBN0-13-017480-7)
Spatial Databases – With Application to GIS Philippe Rigaux, Michel Scholl and Agnes Voisard. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. 2002 (ISBN1-55860-588-6)
Evaluation of Data Management Systems for Geospatial Big Data Pouria Amirian, Anahid Basiri and Adam Winstanley. Springer. 2014 (ISBN9783319091563)
External links
An introduction to PostgreSQL PostGIS
PostgreSQL PostGIS as components in a Service Oriented ArchitectureSOA
A Trigger Based Security Alarming Scheme for Moving Objects on Road Networks Sajimon Abraham, P. Sojan Lal, Published by Springer Berlin / Heidelberg-2008.
geodatabase ArcGIS Resource Center description of a geodatabase