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食用リンゴ（Malus domestica ）には7,500以上の栽培品種が知られています。[1]商業用製品として経済的に極めて重要なものもありますが、大多数は大量生産には適していません。以下のリストで「食用」とは、果物を調理するのではなく生で食べることを意味します。主にサイダーを作るために使用される栽培品種を示しています。agmとマークされた品種は、王立園芸協会のガーデンメリット賞を受賞しています。[2] [3]
このリストには、クラブアップルとして総称されるリンゴの種や品種は含まれていません。クラブアップルは主に観賞用に栽培されますが、ゼリーやコンポートを作るのに使われることもあります。これらはMalusの項で説明されています。
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Cider apples
Cider apples are a variety of apples that may be far too sour or bitter for fresh eating, but are used for making cider. Varieties in italics are used for both cider and eating purposes.
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Rootstock cultivars
Selection of rootstock cultivars can be difficult: vigorous roots tend to give trees that are healthy but grow too tall to be harvested easily without careful pruning, while dwarfing rootstocks result in small trees that are easy to harvest from, but are often shorter-lived and sometimes less healthy. Most modern commercial orchards use one of the "Malling series" (a.k.a. 'M' series), introduced or developed by the East Malling Research Station from the early 20th century onward. However, a great deal of work has been done recently introducing new rootstocks in Poland, the U.S. (Geneva), and other nations. The Polish rootstocks are often used where cold hardiness is needed. The Geneva series of rootstocks has been developed to resist important diseases such as fireblight and collar rot, as well as for high fruit productivity.
See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Apple cultivars.
- Cooking apple
- Lists of cultivars
- List of apple dishes
- List of Japanese apple cultivars
- Welsh apples
Food portal
References
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Further reading
Two of the most comprehensive publications on apple cultivars are: Khanizadeh, S. and J. Cousineau. 1998. "Our Apples/ Les Pommiers de Chez Nous", A Description of Over 250 Apple Cultivars Grown in Eastern and Central Canada Including 400 Coloured Photographs of the Fruits, Flowers and Leaves. Publisher Shahrokh Khanizadeh, 260 p. Ed: S. Khanizadeh. ISBN 0-660-60543-0.
- The New Book of Apples (ISBN 0-09-188398-9) by Dr Joan Morgan of The National Fruit Collection and Alison Richards.
- Directory of Apple Cultivars (ISBN 1-874275-40-8) by Martin Crawford of The Agroforestry Research Trust
- For Cider apples - "Cider Apples, The New Pomona" ISBN 978-0-9568994-2-2 by Liz Copas
- Apples (ISBN 0-393-03690-1) by Roger Yepsen. Text of apple history and descriptions with full-color watercolor illustrations of 90 apple varieties by Yepsen. W.W. Norton and Company, New York and London.
- "Old Southern Apples" (ISBN 978-0-939923-37-3) by Creighton Lee Calhoun Jr.
- Khanizadeh, S. and J. Cousineau. 1998. "Our Apples/ Les Pommiers de Chez Nous", A Description of Over 250 Apple Cultivars Grown in Eastern and Central Canada Including 400 Coloured Photographs of the Fruits, Flowers and Leaves. Publisher Shahrokh Khanizadeh, 260 p. Ed: S. Khanizadeh. ISBN 0-660-60543-0.
- Muranty, H., Denancé, C., Feugey, L., Crépin, J. L., Barbier, Y., Tartarini, S., ... Durel, C. E. (2020). Using whole-genome SNP data to reconstruct a large multi-generation pedigree in apple germplasm. BMC Plant Biology, 20(1), 1–18.