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Richard Ferdinand Kahn, Baron Kahn, CBE, FBA (10 August 1905 – 6 June 1989) was a British economist.
Kahn was born in Hampstead into the orthodox Jewish family of Augustus Kahn, inspector of schools and former German schoolmaster, and Regina Schoyer. He was brought up in England and educated at St Paul's School, London. He attended King's College, Cambridge.[1] Kahn took a 1st in Mathematics, Part I, at Cambridge, followed in 1927 by a 2nd in Physics in the Natural Sciences tripos. Taught economics by Gerald Shove and John Maynard Keynes from 1927 to 1928, he gained a 1st in Economics, Part II, in 1928. In 1930, he was elected a Fellow of King's College.[2]
Kahn worked in the Faculty of Economics and Politics from 1933. He became Director of Studies for economics students at King's College in 1947, a post he held for four years. Kahn was appointed professor of economics in 1951, and succeeded Keynes as Bursar of King's College.[3] He served in numerous other government and agency positions, such as the research and planning division of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe in 1955 and the UK National Coal Board in 1967.[1] Kahn retired from Cambridge in 1972, but continued to live at King's College.
Kahn was one of the five members of Keynes' Cambridge Circus. He was also one of Keynes' closest collaborators on the creation of Keynes' General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.[4] His most notable contribution to Keynesian economics was his principle of the multiplier. The multiplier is the relation between the increase in aggregate expenditure and the increase in net national product (output).[2] It is the increase in aggregate expenditure (for example government spending) that causes the increase in output (or income).[5] His findings on the multiplier were first published in his 1931 article, "The Relation of Home Investment to Unemployment".[6] There has been extensive debate on whether Kahn's thinking on the multiplier was foreshadowed or aided by the work of other economists such as Lyndhurst Giblin.[7]
カーンは1946年に大英帝国勲章コマンダー（ CBE）を授与され[ 8 ] 、 1960年に英国学士院のフェローとなり、 1965年7月6日にはロンドン・カムデン区ハムステッドのカーン男爵の称号で一代貴族に叙せられた[ 9 ]。彼は労働党のゲイツケル派に共感しており、1950年代にはゲイツケルに経済政策について助言する専門家グループの一員であった[ 10 ] 。ゲイツケルと同様に（ただしゲイツケル派のほとんどとは異なり）、彼は英国の欧州経済共同体（EEC）加盟の試みに反対し、1971年にはEEC加盟の経済的影響は英国にとって不利になると主張する書簡に署名した100人の経済学者の一人としてタイムズ紙に寄稿した。[ 11 ]反EECの経歴にもかかわらず、カーンは1981年の設立時に強硬な欧州社会民主党（SDP）に入党し、貴族院で同党の議席に着いた。[ 12 ]