List of royal consorts of Persia

Shahbanu of Iran (Persia)
Shahbanu of Iran (Persia)
	Imperial Arms of Shahbanu Farah of Iran
	Last in role; Farah Pahlavi; 21 December 1959 – 11 February 1979
Details
Style	Shahbanu; Banbishn
Formation	678 BC
Abolition	11 February 1979
Residence	Apadana; Tachara; Palace of Darius; Palace of Ardashir; Taq Kasra; Ālī Qāpū Palace; Hasht Behesht; Golestan Palace; Sa'dabad Palace; Niavaran Palace
Appointer	Shah or Ruler of Persia
Pretender(s)	Yasmine Pahlavi

This is a list of royal consorts of rulers that held power over Persia (present-day Iran). The title Shahbanu was used for the female ruler or royal consort in certain dynasties, including the Sassanids and Pahlavis.^[2] The list is from the establishment of the Medes around 678 BC until the deposition of the monarchy in 1979.

Median Dynasty (671–549 BC)

Teispid Kingdom (c.705–559 BC)

Achaemenid Empire (559–334/327 BC)

Macedonian Empire (336–306 BC)

Seleucid Empire (311–129 BC)

Parthian Empire (247 BC – AD 228)

Sasanian Empire (224–651)

Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)

Abbasid Caliphate (750–861)

Buyid Kingdom (934–1062)

Seljuk Empire (1029–1194)

Khwarazmian Empire (1153–1220)

Mongol Empire (1153–1220)

Ilkhanate (1256–1357)

Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)

Timurid Empire (1370–1467)

Aq Quyunlu (1375–1497)

Safavid Empire (1501–1736)

Afsharid Empire (1736–1796)

Qajar Empire (1794–1925)

Pahlavi Empire (1925–1979)

References

^ a b c d e f g h Brosius, Maria (1 January 2000). "Women i. In Pre-Islamic Persia". Encyclopaedia Iranica.
^ Sciolino, Elaine (3 October 2000). Persian Mirrors: The Elusive Face of Iran. Simon and Schuster. p. 254. ISBN 978-0-7432-1453-7.
^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (1987). "ASTYAGES". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (1 January 2000). "Mandana". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
^ Dandamayev, Muhammad (15 December 1990). "Cassandane". Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol.V, Fasc. 1. p. 62.
^ Histories of Herodotus, Book 3, 3.69
^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (15 December 1987). "Atossa". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 1. pp. 13–14.
^ Brosius, M. (1998): Woman in Ancient Persia, p. 60, 62.
^ Brosius, Maria (18 April 2006). The Persians. Routledge. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-134-35984-4.
^ Longman III, Tremper; Enns, Peter (11 May 2010). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship. InterVarsity Press. p. 827. ISBN 978-0-8308-6738-7.
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^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (15 December 1989). "Amestris". Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 9. pp. 935–936.
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[:0-1] Brosius, Maria (1 January 2000). "Women i. In Pre-Islamic Persia". Encyclopaedia Iranica.

[2] Sciolino, Elaine (3 October 2000). Persian Mirrors: The Elusive Face of Iran. Simon and Schuster. p. 254. ISBN 978-0-7432-1453-7.

[3] Schmitt, Rüdiger (1987). "ASTYAGES". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 8 May 2022.

[4] Schmitt, Rüdiger (1 January 2000). "Mandana". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation. Retrieved 6 June 2021.

[5] Dandamayev, Muhammad (15 December 1990). "Cassandane". Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol.V, Fasc. 1. p. 62.

[6] Histories of Herodotus, Book 3, 3.69

[7] Schmitt, Rüdiger (15 December 1987). "Atossa". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. III, Fasc. 1. pp. 13–14.

[8] Brosius, M. (1998): Woman in Ancient Persia, p. 60, 62.

[9] Brosius, Maria (18 April 2006). The Persians. Routledge. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-134-35984-4.

[10] Longman III, Tremper; Enns, Peter (11 May 2010). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship. InterVarsity Press. p. 827. ISBN 978-0-8308-6738-7.

[11] Schmitt, Rüdiger (15 December 1993). "Damaspia". Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. VI, Fasc. 6. p. 626.

[12] "Parysatis I (fl. 440–385 BCE)". Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 16 February 2022.

[13] Badian, Ernst (16 November 2015). "Stateira". Encyclopædia Iranica.

[14] Schmitt, Rüdiger (15 December 1989). "Amestris". Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 9. pp. 935–936.

[15] Dent, Susie (2012), "Atossa", Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable, Chambers Harrap Publishers, doi:10.1093/acref/9780199990009.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-999000-9, retrieved 16 February 2022

[16] Howatson, M. C. (1 January 2011), Howatson, M. C. (ed.), "Ato'ssa", The Oxford Companion to Classical Literature, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acref/9780199548545.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-954854-5, retrieved 16 February 2022

[17] Daryaee, Touraj (18 August 2016), "Persian Empire", in McNeill, William H (ed.), Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History, Berkshire Publishing Group, doi:10.1093/acref/9780190622718.001.0001, ISBN 978-1-933782-65-2, retrieved 16 February 2022

[18] Mauriac, Henry M. (1949). "Alexander the Great and the Politics of "Homonoia"". Journal of the History of Ideas. 10 (1): 111. doi:10.2307/2707202. ISSN 0022-5037. JSTOR 2707202.

[19] Anson, Edward M. (14 July 2014). Alexander's Heirs: The Age of the Successors. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-1-4443-3962-8.

[20] O'Brien, John Maxwell (2001), Alexander the Great: The Invisible Enemy - A Biography, New York: Routledge, p. 197, ISBN 0-415-10617-6

[21] Photius, ibid.; Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca, xviii. 39

[22] Macurdy, Grace Harriet (1985). Hellenistic Queens. Chicago: Ares Publishers. p. 78. ISBN 0-89005-542-4.

[23] Strabo, Geography, xiv. 2; Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, s.v. "Stratoniceia"

[24] Bromiley, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: A-D p.144

[25] Bennett, Chris. "Berenice Phernophorus". Egyptian Royal Genealogy. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2015.

[26] Alten, Elif (2017). "Revolt of Achaeus Against Antiochus III the Great and the Siege of Sardis, Based on Classical Textual, Epigraphic and Numismatic Evidence". In Laflı, Ergün; Kan Şahin, Gülseren (eds.). Archaeology and History of Lydia from the Early Lydian Period to Late Antiquity (8th century B.C.-6th century A.D.). An international Symposium May 17-18, 2017 / Izmir, Turkey. Abstracts Booklet. Colloquia Anatolica et Aegaea, Acta Congressus Communis Omnium Gentium Smyrnae. Vol. IV. The Research Center for the Archaeology of Western Anatolia – EKVAM. p. 27. OCLC 6848755244.

[27] G. Ramsey, “The Queen and the City: Royal Female Intervention and Patronage in Hellenistic Civic Communities,” Gender & History, Vol 23, No. 3, 2011: 517.

[28] "Laodice IV". Livius. 4 January 2017. Retrieved 10 April 2017.

[29] "Laodice V - Livius". Livius.org. Retrieved 2 October 2017.

[30] Cleopatra Thea by Chris Bennett

[31] Assar, A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period, 165-91 BCE, 2006. pg 88-112.

[32] J. Oelsner, “Recht im hellenistischen Babylon,” in Legal Documents of the Hellenistic World, ed. M. J. Geller and H. Maehler, London, 1995, pp. 106–148.

[33] Assar, Gholamreza F. (2006). "A Revised Parthian Chronology of the Period 91-55 BC". Parthica. Incontri di Culture Nel Mondo Antico. 8: Papers Presented to David Sellwood. Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali: 67, 74. ISBN 978-8-881-47453-0. ISSN 1128-6342.

[34] Sherwin-White, Susan Mary. "Laodice". Who's Who in the Classical World. Oxford Reference. Retrieved 16 February 2022.

[Musa-Parthia-35] Strugnell, Emma (2008). "Thea Musa, Roman Queen of Parthia". Iranica Antiqua. 43: 275–298. doi:10.2143/IA.43.0.2024051. ISSN 1783-1482.

[36] Gignoux, Philippe (1994). "Dēnag". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume VII/3: Dehqān I–Deylam, John of. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 282. ISBN 978-1-56859-021-9.

[37] Sundermann, W. (1988). "BĀNBIŠN". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume III/7: Banān–Bardesanes. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 678–679. ISBN 978-0-71009-119-2.

[38] Daryaee, Touraj (2009). "Šāpur II". Encyclopaedia Iranica.

[39] Muzio, Ciro Lo (2008). "Remarks on the Paintings from the Buddhist Monastery of Fayaz Tepe (Southern Uzbekistan)". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 22: 201.

[40] Gross, S. (2021). "The Curious Case of the Jewish Sasanian Queen Šīšīnduxt: Exilarchal Propaganda and Zoroastrians in Tenth- to Eleventh-Century Baghdad". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 141 (2): 365–380. doi:10.7817/jameroriesoci.141.2.0365. S2CID 241531954.

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