
2 ユーロ記念硬貨は、 2004 年以降ユーロ圏加盟国で法定通貨として鋳造・発行されている特別なユーロ硬貨です。
2 ユーロ硬貨は、流通を目的とした唯一の額面硬貨で、記念硬貨として発行されることがあります。記念硬貨は各国の表側のみが異なり、共通の裏側は変わりません。これらの硬貨は、歴史的出来事や特に重要な現在の出来事の記念日 を記念して発行されるのが一般的です。
2012 年以降、記念硬貨の発行数は 1 か国につき年間 2 枚に制限されています。以前は 1 枚のみが許可されていました。共通の記念硬貨や国家元首が空位の記念硬貨の発行は、この制限には含まれません。1 年に流通する記念硬貨の総数も制限されています。記念硬貨は、通常の 2 ユーロ硬貨に規定されているデザイン基準に従う必要があり、統一性を保証するためにデザイン上の制限があります。
2023年末までに、513種類の2ユーロ記念硬貨が発行されている。 2004年以降、毎年少なくとも1種類の記念硬貨を発行している国は、フィンランド、イタリア、ルクセンブルク、サンマリノ、バチカン市国のみである。
2ユーロ記念硬貨は収集品となっているが、非標準額面の記念ユーロ硬貨とは異なる。非標準額面の記念ユーロ硬貨は公式には「収集用硬貨」と指定されており、流通を目的とせず、通常は貴金属で作られている。[1]

規制と制限
記念硬貨は、通常の硬貨とは異なる国別のデザインを掲げ、国または欧州にとって重要な主題のみを記念するものとする。ユーロを通貨とするすべての加盟国が共同で発行する記念硬貨は、欧州にとって最も重要な主題のみを記念するものとし、そのデザインは、これらの加盟国の憲法上の要件を損なわないものとする。2ユーロ硬貨は、主に硬貨の直径が大きく、偽造に対する十分な保護を提供する技術的特徴を備えていることから、この目的に最も適した額面である。
ユーロ硬貨の基礎は2003年の欧州の勧告に由来しており、2004年1月1日以降ユーロ硬貨の表面の国別のデザインを変更することが認められた。[2]
これらに関しては、一連の制限が適用されます。[3] [4] [1]
- 記念硬貨は、通常とは異なる国の顔を持ち、共通の顔を保持しています。
- これらは、国家レベルまたはヨーロッパレベルで何らかの関連のある出来事や人物を記念することを目的としています。
- 各州は、1 年に 1 枚の記念コインのみを発行でき、その形式は常に 2 ユーロです。2013 年以降、1 年に 2 枚の記念コインの発行が許可されています。
- ユーロ圏のすべての国(つまり、EUに所属していないユーロ発行国を除く)が実施する共同記念発行は、各国が個別に実施する発行に追加されるものです。
- 州本部が空いている場合、または暫定的に使用されている場合、その州は追加の記念コインを発行することができます。
- 流通を目的とした記念ユーロ硬貨の縁に刻印される刻印は、流通を目的とした通常のユーロ硬貨の刻印と同じでなければなりません。
- 排出量の最大量を制限しました。
年間に流通する硬貨の総数は、以下の2つの数字のうち大きい方を超えてはならない。[5]
- ユーロ圏の全加盟国で流通している2ユーロ硬貨の総数の0.1%。この制限は、硬貨が非常に重要かつ注目すべき出来事を記念するものである場合には例外的に最大2.0%まで引き上げられることがあります。この場合、このより多くの硬貨を発行する加盟国は、その後4年間、記念硬貨の流通を控える必要があります。
- 2ユーロ記念硬貨を発行する加盟国によって流通される2ユーロ硬貨の総数の5.0%。
2005 年以降、すべての硬貨の国別側面のデザインに関する推奨事項が変更され、次の年の 2 ユーロ記念硬貨のデザインにも影響が出ています。詳細については、ユーロ硬貨を参照してください。 [どこですか? ]
各国は、新しいデザイン案(「通常」コインと2ユーロ記念コインの両方)を相互に通知するとともに、欧州理事会と欧州委員会に通知して承認を得る必要があります。その結果、2015年にワーテルローの戦い200周年を記念してベルギーが発行を計画していた2ユーロ記念コインのケースが生まれました。このコインはフランスから苦情を受け、ベルギーはそのようなコインの発行を辞退しました。しかし、ベルギーは、これらのコインがデザイン案の事前通知を受けていないという事実を利用して、2.50ユーロの収集家用コインを発行しました。
オランダの法律では、オランダが発行するすべての硬貨(たとえば、現在はウィレム=アレクサンダー・コーニング・デア・ネーデルランド)に、現在のオランダ国家元首の肖像と「NAME (Koning/Koningin) der Nederlanden」という文字を記載することが義務付けられているが、2007年に改正され、これによりオランダは、すべてのユーロ圏加盟国が発行する「ローマ条約50周年」共通2ユーロ記念硬貨の発行プログラムに参加できるようになり、この改正によって2ユーロ記念硬貨の要件は完全に削除された。
問題
ユーロ圏の20カ国と4つの小国(アンドラ、モナコ、サンマリノ、バチカン市国)はそれぞれ独自に2ユーロの記念硬貨を発行しており、ギリシャが最初の国となった。
欧州連合との正式協定によりユーロを使用している4つの小国は、欧州連合の加盟国ではないため、他のすべてのユーロ圏加盟国がヨーロッパ全体の重要な出来事を記念して発行する共通の2ユーロ記念硬貨を発行していない。
また、ユーロ圏加盟国すべてで共通する 2 ユーロ記念硬貨が 5 種類発行されています。
欧州連合:2007年ローマ条約から50年。
欧州連合: 2009 年、欧州連合の経済通貨統合 10 周年。
欧州連合: 2012 年のユーロ硬貨と紙幣の 10 年間。
欧州連合: 2015 年にヨーロッパ旗制定 30 周年。
欧州連合: 2022年にエラスムス計画35周年を迎えます。
3つの共同問題:
ドイツ
フランス:エリゼ条約調印50周年(2013年) – コイン2枚、ベルリンの壁崩壊30周年(2019年) – コイン2枚。
エストニア、
ラトビア
、リトアニア:バルト三国独立100周年記念(2018年) - コイン3枚。
特定のテーマを持つ 11 種類のコイン シリーズ:
エストニア:エストニアの国章(2021年~将来) –エストニアの国章を表す硬貨。
フランス:2024年夏季オリンピック(2021~2024年) - 2024年夏季オリンピックの競技を表すコインが毎年1枚発行されます。
ドイツ:連邦州 I (2006~2022 年)、連邦州 II (2023~2038 年) – ドイツ連邦共和国の 16 州ごとに毎年 1 枚のコイン。
ラトビア:ラトビアの歴史的地域(2016~2018年) –歴史的なラトビアの土地を表す4枚のコイン。
リトアニア:リトアニア民族地域(2019年~将来) –リトアニアの5つの民族地域ごとに毎年1枚のコイン。
ルクセンブルク:ルクセンブルク大公王朝(2004 年以降) –ルクセンブルク大公家を表すコイン。
マルタ:
- マルタ憲法史(2011年~2015年) –マルタ憲法史の出来事を表すコインが毎年1枚発行されます。
- マルタの先史遺跡(2016年~2022年) –マルタの巨石神殿とハル・サフリエニの地下墳墓を記念して毎年1枚のコインを発行します。
- 連帯する子どもたち(2016~2020年)から–連帯に関する子どもたちのデザインのコインが毎年1枚発行されます。
スペイン:スペインのユネスコ世界遺産(2010年~将来) - スペインのユネスコ世界遺産を記念したコインが毎年1枚発行されます。
発行されたデザインは欧州連合の官報で公表される。[6]
2004年の貨幣
2005年の貨幣
2006年の貨幣
2007年の貨幣
2007年一般発行コイン
2008年の貨幣
2009年の貨幣
2009年一般発行コイン
2010年の貨幣
2011年の貨幣
2012年の貨幣
2012年発行の一般硬貨
2013年の貨幣
2014年の貨幣
2015年の貨幣
2015年発行コイン
2016年の貨幣
2017年の貨幣
2018 coinage
2019 coinage
2020 coinage
2021 coinage
2022 coinage
2022 commonly issued coin
2023 coinage
2024 coinage
2025 coinage
References
This article incorporates text by Official Journal of the European Union available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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External links
- European Central Bank. "€2 commemorative coins". Archived from the original on 30 December 2020.
- European Commission. "Commemorative coins".
- "The Euro Information Website". 7 April 2007. Archived from the original on 18 September 2007.
- "2euro-overview.eu – Overview of 2 Euro circulation coins, plus additional multilingual information". 2 June 2014.
- "2-euro-coins.com – All 2 euro coins at a glance". 6 October 2019.
