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連邦管区（ロシア語: федеральные округа、ローマ字表記: federal'nyye okruga、IPA: [ fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnɨjɪ ɐkrʊˈɡa ]）は、ロシアの連邦構成主体のグループです。連邦管区は、憲法に従ってさまざまな自治レベルを持つ地域のグループで構成されていますが、管区自体は憲法で言及されておらず、自治権を持たず、独自の行政権限を持たず、地域の問題を管理しません。管区は、連邦法と地域法の間の整合性を監視し、管区で活動する公務員、司法、連邦機関の連邦管理を確保するためだけに存在します。[ 1 ]連邦管区制度は、2000 年 5 月 13 日に設立されました。
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The federal districts of Russia were established by a decree issued by PresidentVladimir Putin on 13 May 2000 to facilitate the federal government's control of the then 89 federal subjects across the country.[9][10]
On 19 January 2010, the new North Caucasian Federal District split from the Southern Federal District.[8]
In March 2014, after the annexation of Crimea, the Crimean Federal District was established.[11] The legality of this annexation is disputed by an overwhelming majority of countries.[12] On 28 July 2016 the Crimean Federal District was abolished and merged into the Southern Federal District in order to improve governance.[13]
In November 2018, Buryatia and Zabaykalsky Krai were moved from the Siberian Federal District to the Far Eastern Federal District in accordance with a decree issued by Putin.[14] The Administrative Centre of the Far Eastern Federal District relocated from Khabarovsk to Vladivostok in December 2018.[15]