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| Haplogroup L5 | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | 114,200-126,200 YBP[1] |
| Possible place of origin | East Africa, Upper Nile Valley |
| Ancestor | L2-6 |
| Descendants | L5a, L5c |
| Defining mutations | 3423, 7972, 12432, 12950[2] |
Haplogroup L5 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clade. It was previously known as L1e.
Distribution
L5 is a small haplogroup centered in East Africa. The highest frequency is in Mbuti Pygmies from Eastern Central Africa at 15%.[3] It is present in relatively small frequencies in Tanzania (Sandawe and others), Kenya, Chad, Ethiopia, Sudan, Nubia, Egypt[4][Note 1] and Saudi Arabia.[5]
Haplogroup L5 has been observed among specimens at the island cemetery in Kulubnarti, Sudan, which date from the Early Christian period (AD 550–800).[6]
Subclades
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup L5 subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation[2] and subsequent published research.
- Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA)
- L1-6
- L2-6
- L5
- L5a
- L5a1
- L5a1a
- L5a1b
- L5a1c
- L5a2
- L5a1
- L5c
- L5c1
- L5c2
- L5a
- L5
- L2-6
- L1-6
References
- ^ Soares, P; Ermini, L; Thomson, N; Mormina, M; Rito, T; Röhl, A; Salas, A; Oppenheimer, S; MacAulay, V (2009). "Correcting for Purifying Selection: An Improved Human Mitochondrial Molecular Clock". American Journal of Human Genetics. 84 (6): 740–59. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001. PMC 2694979. PMID 19500773.
- ^ a b van Oven, Mannis; Manfred Kayser (13 Oct 2008). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386–E394. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457. S2CID 27566749.
- ^ Sarah A. Tishkoff et al. 2007, History of Click-Speaking Populations of Africa Inferred from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Genetic Variation. Molecular Biology and Evolution 2007 24(10):2180-2195
- ^ Stevanovitch, A; A. Gilles; E. Bouzaid; R. Kefi; F. Paris; R. P. Gayraud; J. L. Spadoni; F. El-Chenawi; E. Béraud-Colomb (29 Jan 2004). "Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Diversity in a Sedentary Population from Egypt". Annals of Human Genetics. 68 (1): 23–39. doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00057.x. PMID 14748828. S2CID 44901197.
- ^ Abu-Amero et al. 2008 February. "Mitochondrial DNA structure in the Arabian Peninsula", BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8(45): 52.
- ^ Sirak, Kendra; Frenandes, Daniel; Novak, Mario; Van Gerven, Dennis; Pinhasi, Ron (2016). "Abstract Book of the IUAES Inter-Congress 2016 - A community divided? Revealing the community genome(s) of Medieval Kulubnarti using next- generation sequencing". Abstract Book of the Iuaes Inter-Congress 2016. IUAES: 115.
Notes
- ^ Sample UPE52 is subclade L5a.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haplogroup L5 (mtDNA).
- General
- Mannis van Oven's Phylotree
- Haplogroup L5
- Ian Logan's Haplogroup L5
- YFull MTree's Haplogroup L5
- MITOMAP's Haplogroup L5