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ベルギーでは、フランス語共同体（フランス語: Communauté française (de Belgique)、発音は[ kɔmynote fʁɑ̃sɛːz də bɛlʒik ]、CFB）[ a ]は、憲法上の3 つの言語共同体のうちの 1 つを指します。2011 年以降、フランス語少数派はワロン・ブリュッセル連邦（フランス語: Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles、発音は[ fedeʁɑsjɔ̃ walɔni bʁysɛl ]、FWB）[ b ]という名称を使用していますが、ベルギー憲法での名称が変更されていないことと、政治的な声明と見なされていることから、この名称は物議を醸しています。「フランス語共同体」という名称は、フランスではなくフランス語を指します。そのため、ベルギーのフランス語少数派は、ベルギーのドイツ語共同体と同様に、明確にするために英語では「ベルギーのフランス語共同体」と表記されることがある。[ 3 ] [ 4 ]
この共同体は独自の議会、政府、行政機関を有している。また、この共同体とその前身組織は1975年以来、ワロン地域の旗を使用している。
ベルギーは単一国家から連邦国家へと変貌を遂げた。1970年の第一次国家改革では、フランス文化共同体（Communauté culturelle française）を含む「文化共同体」が導入された。これは1980年の第二次国家改革によって再編成・拡大され、フランス共同体（Communauté française）となった。その後の改革によって、その法的権限も拡大された。
ベルギーのフランス語圏コミュニティは450万人以上で構成されており、その内訳は以下のとおりです。
The French Community has no jurisdiction over French speakers living in the Flemish Region. Their number is unknown, given the absence of sub-nationality status and the discouragement of linguistic criteria in census-taking. Estimates of the French-speaking population of Flanders vary from 120,000,[6] around 200,000,[7] to around 300,000.[8]
The French Community of Belgium extends over about 40% of the total population of Belgium; 60% of the population belongs to the Flemish Community, and 1% to the German-speaking Community.
For years there have been hints that the Community wanted to better demonstrate the link between Wallonia and Brussels, the two main territories where the French speakers are in the majority. These include the creation of several organisations such as Wallonie-Bruxelles International, a public body in charge of international cultural affairs set up jointly by the French Community, the Walloon Region and the Commission communautaire française (COCOF, a French-speaking institution of the Brussels-Capital Region).[9] The concept of "Wallonie-Bruxelles" is however not mentioned in the Belgian constitution, and appeared only in a few official legal texts, such as the "Arrêté du Gouvernement de la Communauté française fixant le code de qualité et de l'accueil" of 17 December 2003, mentioning the name "Communauté Wallonie-Bruxelles", and the "Arrêté du Gouvernement de la Communauté française approuvant le programme quinquennal de promotion de la santé 2004–2008" of 30 April 2004, mentioning the name "Communauté française Wallonie-Bruxelles".
In May 2011, the parliament of the Community voted a resolution according to which it would, from then on, use the name "Wallonia-Brussels Federation" (French: "Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles") for all its communications, campaigns and in the administration. The move was immediately interpreted as aggressive by the Flemish authorities, the Minister-President of Flanders announcing he would not recognize the federation as an official body and saying that documents that would be sent by the federation would be unconstitutional and therefore would not exist.[10]
That name also obscures the fact that this institution does not represent the Flemings living in Brussels, nor their local Flemish Community Commission ('Vlaamse Gemeenschapscommissie', or VGC) nor the Brussels-Capital Region.
While the authorities of the Community acknowledge the fact that the new name is not mentioned in the Belgian Constitution, they insist that their move is not illegal, as long as the new name is used as an additional name for the Community and is not used when it could create a legal issue (such as with the official texts published in the Belgian Official Journal).[11]
Although the then Belgian Prime MinisterYves Leterme said that the federal government would not use the new name[12] and the Flemish VRT decided not to use the new name in its news programs either,[13] it is used by the French-speaking media, including the RTBF public network, which is fully controlled by the Community. The independent/private media uses both the alternative and the original designation.
In September 2011, the Community adopted a new logo that incorporates its new name.
The French Community of Belgium is governed by the Parliament of the French Community, which selects the executive branch, the Government of the French Community.
The Parliament of the French Community (French: Parlement de la Communauté française or PCF) is the legislative assembly of the French Community of Belgium based in the Quartier Royal. It consists of all 75 members of the Walloon Parliament except German-speaking members (currently two) who are substituted by French-speaking members from the same party, and 19 members elected by the French linguistic group of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region within the former body. These members are elected for a term of five years.
The current president of the Parliament of the French Community is Benoît Dispa (LE).
Note: Government coalition parties are denoted with bullets (•)
The Cabinet of the French Community of Belgium (French: Gouvernement de la Communauté française) is the executive branch of the French Community, and it too sits in Brussels. It consists of a number of ministers chosen by the parliament and is headed by a Minister-President.