


Slavery existed in the Comoros until 1904. The Comoros was a player in the Indian Ocean slave trade, where slaves from the Swahili coast of Eastern Africa were trafficked across the Indian Ocean to Oman in the Arabian Peninsula, and was one of the major players of the trade alongside the Zanzibar.
Slavery is noted to have existed in the Comoros as long as the history of the islands is documented, and was possibly introduced by the Arab slave trade.
After the 1820s, the Comoros slave trade expanded to a major part of the Indian Ocean slave trade, which was very lucrative and became one of the main incomes for the islands until the end of the 19th-century.
The Arabian dhowslaveships, was normally rented or a part of a commercial enterprice, with an Arab and Swaihili crew, partially or fully enslaved, in which the profit was shared between the owner, the captain and the crew (the enslaved crew members having to give half of their salary to their enslaver).[1]
Along with Zanzibar, the Comoros exported slaves to Oman on the Arabian Peninsula.[2]
The Comoros became a middle stop of the slave trade between the Swahili coast of Eastern Africa to French Réunion when slavery was abolished on Réunion and replaced by the engagé-system of indentured labor (1848–1864), when slaves were shipped to the Comoros, and then from the Comoros to Réunion as free indentured workers.[3] The Comoros bought slaves from Portuguese Mozambique or the Arab slave traders of the Swahili coast, such as the Zanzibar slave trade, Ouitangonha, Angoche or Kilwa, who exported numerous makua-slaves to the Comoros.[4] On the Comoros, the mainland slaves were kept for a year, after which they were exported to Réunion, officially as free indentured worker from the Comoros.[5]
The Comoros also exported slaves to Madagascar until at least the 1860s.[6]
In order to avoid the British Anti Slavery Patrol Fleet on the Indian Ocean, the slave ships from Zanzibar as well as from the Comoros used false papers from French Mayotte in the Comoros to give a false destination for their trip and avoid British confiscation.[7]
16世紀、コモロ諸島はヨーロッパ(ポルトガルとオランダ)の船の港となり、マダガスカルとインドの間を航行する途中で食料を買い付けるために停泊した。そして、食料貿易の需要を満たすために、コモロ諸島はマダガスカルとポルトガル領モザンビークから輸入された奴隷の労働力によってより多くの食料を生産した。[ 8 ]
19世紀のコモロ諸島における大規模な奴隷貿易の間、コモロ諸島に既に存在していた奴隷制度は大幅に拡大し、1860年代には人口の40パーセントが奴隷となった。[ 9 ]
奴隷たちは石造りの都市の奴隷居住区や田舎の奴隷村に住んでいた。男性奴隷は石造りの都市を維持するための職人や農業労働者として訓練され、女性奴隷は家事奴隷または妾(性奴隷)として使われた。[ 10 ]
コモロ諸島は1841年にフランスの保護領となったが、フランスの植民地ではなかったため、フランスの法律の適用を受けず、1848年にフランスが奴隷制度を廃止した際にも自動的に廃止されなかった。[ 11 ] 例外はマヨット島で、ここはフランスの植民地となり、1840年代に実際に奴隷制度が廃止された。
奴隷制度は1904年に最終的に廃止された。[ 12 ] しかし、元奴隷たちは以前の家に住み続け、同じ人々のために同じ仕事をし続け、実際には1970年代まで奴隷時代と同じように生活していた。[ 13 ]