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シロンスク公爵は、ポーランド公ボレスワフ3世ヴリモスの息子および子孫の称号である。ボレスワフの遺言に従い、彼の死後、彼の領土は4つまたは5つの世襲州に分割され、息子たちに分配された。また、クラクフの王領は、全ポーランドの高位公となる長男のために留保された。これはポーランドの分裂として知られている。その後の展開により、公国はさらに分裂した。
14世紀初頭、シロンスクには14の独立した公国が存在した。下シロンスクにはブジェク、ヴロツワフ、シフィドニツァ、ヤヴォル、ジェンビツェ、グウォグフ、シチナヴァ、ジャガン、オレシニツァ、上シロンスクにはコジレ、チェシン、ビトム、ニェモドリン、オポーレ、シュトシェリツェ、ラチブシュ、オパヴァ、および教会領のニサ公国があった。1327年から1329年の間に、ほとんどの公爵はボヘミア王イオアン1世の君主権を受け入れ、イオアンはこれらすべての公国の継承権を獲得した。その後の数世紀でシロンスク・ピャスト家のすべての家系は断絶し、リーグニッツ公ゲオルク・ヴィルヘルムの死とともに王朝は消滅した。
シレジア公国
ポーランドの世襲制の州の一つであるシロンスク公国は、ボレスワフ3世の長男であるヴワディスワフ2世亡命公に与えられ、その後、その息子であるボレスワフ1世長男（ヴロツワフ/下シロンスク）、ミェシュコ1世タングルフット（ラチブシュ/上シロンスク） 、コンラト・スピンドルシャンクス（グウォグフ）に分割されました。コンラトの死後、グウォグフは再びヴロツワフ/下シロンスク公国と統合されました。
シレジア分割
1173年にボレスワフが帰国し、ミェシュコとボレスワフにシロンスク公国から分離した独自の公国を統治させることに同意した。これにより、ミェシュコ1世のラチブシュ公国、ヤロスワフのオポーレ公国が創設され、シロンスク公国の分裂が始まった。ミェシュコ1世とヤロスワフが支配していた領土は、おおよそ上シロンスクと呼ばれている地域に相当し、ボレスワフ1世が残した領土はおおよそ下シロンスクに相当する。
下シレジア
下シロンスク公国はシロンスク公国の直接の継承であったが、上シロンスクにほぼ相当する領土を持たなかったため、下シロンスクにほぼ相当する領土で構成されていた。いくつかの資料ではシロンスク公国、下シロンスク公国、さらにはヴロツワフ公国（ブレスラウ）と呼んでいる。ヴロツワフはシロンスク公国の首都であったが、この初期（1172年 - 1248年）のシロンスク公国を、1248年にさらに分割されて作られたより小さなヴロツワフ公国と混同すべきではない。公国はその後数年間にさまざまな国境変更を経験し、時には領土を失い、時には獲得した。1248年、ボレスワフ2世がヴロツワフ公国を弟のハインリヒ3世に譲り渡したため、下シロンスクは分割された。
上シレジア
上シロンスクはチェシン公国とオポーレ＝ラチブシュ公国に分割された。1340年にラチブシュ公国はボヘミアの領地であるオパヴァと統合された。
ピアストシレジア公爵
ピャスト朝によるポーランド・シレジアの分割
以下はシレジアの分割の簡略化された表です。
混乱を避けるための簡単な注意事項:
支配者の表
プレミスリドシレジア公爵
プシェミスル朝によるボヘミア・シレジアの分割
以下はシレジアの分割の簡略化された表です。
支配者の表
注:
- シロンスクのプレミスル朝の統治者の番号付けは、さまざまな資料によって番号や順序が異なるため、学者の間でも議論のある問題です。
ポディブラッドシレジア公爵
ポディエブラト朝によるシレジア分割
支配者の表
The Ecclesiastical Duchy of Nysa
Established in 1290 by High Duke Henry IV Probus, held by the Bishops of Wrocław
- 1302–1319 Henry of Wiebrzno
- 1326–1341 Nankier
- 1342–1376 Przecław of Pogarell
- 1382–1417 Wenceslaus II of Legnica
- 1417–1447 Konrad IV of Oleśnica
- 1447–1456 Peter II Nowak
- 1456–1467 Jošt of Rožmberk
- 1468–1482 Rudolf of Rüdesheim
- 1482–1506 Jan IV Roth
- 1506–1520 Jan V Thurzo
- 1520–1539 Jacob of Salza
- 1539–1562 Balthazar of Promnitz
- 1562–1574 Caspar of Logau
- 1574–1585 Martin Gerstmann
- 1585–1596 Andreas Jerin
- 1596–1599 Bonaventura Hahn
- 1599–1600 Paul Albert of Radolfzell
- 1600–1608 Jan VI of Sitsch
- 1608–1624 Charles of Austria, son of Charles II, Archduke of Austria
- 1625–1655 Karol Ferdynand Vasa, Duke of Opole from 1648
- 1656–1662 Leopold Wilhelm of Habsburg
- 1663–1664 Charles Joseph of Habsburg, also Grand Master of the Teutonic Order from 1662
- 1665–1671 Sebastian von Rostock
- 1671–1682 Frederick of Hesse-Darmstadt
- 1683–1732 Franz Ludwig von Pfalz-Neuburg
- 1732–1747 Philipp Ludwig von Sinzendorf
Major part annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742.
- 1747–1795 Philipp Gotthard von Schaffgotsch
- 1795–1817 Joseph Christian Franz zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein
Prussian part secularised in 1810.
- 1823–1832 Emanuel von Schimonsky
- 1835–1840 Leopold von Sedlnitzky
- 1843–1844 Joseph Knauer
- 1845–1850 Melchior von Diepenbrock
Theocracy abolished in 1850.
See also
- List of Polish rulers
- Piast dynasty
- Dukes of Masovia
- Dukes of Greater Poland
- Dukes of Little Poland
- Dukes of Cuiavia
- Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
References
- ^ As Opole kept the original capital of Opole-Racibórz, the duchy will be pictured with the same color.
- ^ divided into Świdnica and Jawor between 1312 and 1346
- ^ Zator split few years before the annexation of Oświęcim to Poland; Zator therefore will be seen as a direct successor duchy, and will be pictured with the same color.
- ^ Briefly recovered by Jawor between 1337 and 1346.
- ^ The dukes changed their capital to Chojnów in early 1440's, and sold the town of Lubin to Głogów, which was bought back in 1482 by Legnica. The recovery of Legnica by Chojnów (1454) recentered the capital to this recovered town, and, until 1488, the territory of Chojnów and later Lubin became part of the Legnica. Lubin re-emerged in 1488, but was definitely annexed to Legnica in 1550
- ^ Shared a half, between 1358 and 1368, with Świdnica-Jawor; Olawa split between 1400 and 1454 and eventually joined Legnica
- ^ Brzeg was bought from Opole in 1481 and Lubin from Głogów in 1482
- ^ Olawa split from Brzeg in three periods: 1586–1595, 1602–1605, 1672–1680. The latter two were dowries as well.
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between Henry III the White and Henry III, duke of Głogów
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between Conrad I of Głogów and Conrad I of Oleśnica, later inheritor of a part of Głogów.
- ^ Avoid confusion with the later duke of Żagań, Henry IV the Faithful
- ^ A new line of dukes started with Conrad I, and Henry was his son. As Henry was, like his uncle Henry III the White, descendant of Henry II, he was numbered, not according to his uncle, but independently as a new line.
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between dukes Conrad II of Żagań, known as the Hunchback and Conrad II of Oleśnica, known as the Gray.
- ^ Albeit more known as Przemko, his true name was probably Premislaus
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between dukes Henry V of Legnica and Henry V of Żagań
- ^ Ruled in Swidnica-Jawor since 1273, and abdicated at his father's death, when the partitions were made.
- ^ Albeit more known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Avoid confusion with his contemporary, Bolko I of Opole.
- ^ A new line of dukes starts with Mieszko I, who is thereby counted as I.
- ^ A new line of dukes starts with Casimir, who is thereby counted as I.
- ^ a b Applied for Bolko I and Bolko II of Opole. Albeit more known as Bolko, their true name was probably Boleslaus, name with they are also stated in sources. Bolko I was the first Boleslaus/Bolko in Upper Silesia and he was numbered as such. However, avoid confusion with his Lower Silesian contemporary, Bolko I the Strict. The same can be said to Bolko II of Opole. Avoid confusiom between him and his Lower Silesian contemporaries, Bolko the Small and Bolko II of Ziębice.
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between dukes Henry VI of Wrocław, known as the Good and Henry VI of Żagań, known as the Elder
- ^ A new line of dukes started with Bolko I, and Henry was his son. However, unlike Głogów line, who followed Henry the Pious, this Henry didn't follow any numbering of his ancestors, and styled himself as the I.
- ^ Albeit known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Starter of a new line of dukes, he recognized his father's numbering
- ^ Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Wrocław, Henry IV the Just
- ^ Albeit more known as Przemko, probably his true name was Premislaus.
- ^ a b Applied to Władysław of Oświęcim and Władysław of Bytom. They styled themselves I, ignoring the numbering of their ancestor and last duke of the united Opole-Racibórz, Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz. Avoid confusion with this two contemporary dukes
- ^ Documented as such in 1340.
- ^ Albeit known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Avoid confusion with his Lower Silesian uncle, Bolko II of Ziębice, and the Upper Silesian Bolko II of Opole.
- ^ a b c Avoid confusion between the Lower Silesian Wenceslaus I of Legnica, and the Upper Silesians Wenceslaus I of Cieszyn and Wenceslaus I of Zator
- ^ Ladislaus, as ruler of Opole and a direct descendant of Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz, numbered himself II.
- ^ Not counting the regents of Opole-Racibórz, Henry was in fact the first (and only) ruler in Upper Silesia to bear this name, more usual in Lower Silesia. In fact, his mother, Elisabeth of Świdnica, was Lower Silesian.
- ^ a b Applied to Upper Silesian Bolko III of Strzelce and Lower Silesian Bolko III of Ziębice. Albeit more known as Bolko, their true name must have been Boleslaus. Avoid confusion between these two contemporary dukes.
- ^ Albeit following the numberings of the rulers named Bolko, the same is not applied to the dukes Henry in Ziębice. Henry is styled the I, ignoring the numbering of Henry II the Pious.
- ^ a b c Avoid confusion between Lower Silesian Wenceslaus II of Legnica and the Upper Silesians Wenceslaus II of Zator and Wenceslaus II of Cieszyn
- ^ Numbered higher, as Henry VII of Brzeg, despite succeeding to his father only in 1398, was co-ruling with his father since 1361, sooner than Henry VIII's ascension.
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between contemporary dukes Henry VIII of Legnica and Henry VIII of Głogów, known as the Sparrow
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between contemporary dukes of Legnica-Brzeg, Henry VII of Brzeg known as the Courageous or with a Scar and Henry VII of Głogów, known as Rumpold or the Middle
- ^ a b Note that both Henry VII and his nephew Henry X bore the surname Rumpold
- ^ a b Albeit more known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus.
- ^ Bernard was the first Upper Silesian ruler to bear this name.
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between the contemporary dukes John I of Żagań and John I of Opole
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between contemporary dukes Henry IX of Lubin and Henry IX the Elder of Żagań. Henry IX the Elder has also the same sobriquet as his uncle, Henry VI.
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between dukes Henry X of Lubin and Henry X of Głogów.
- ^ Numbered lower than Henry VIII of Legnica (who ascended in 1364) because he was co-ruling with his father since 1361.
- ^ Kantner refers to this town, possibly the one where he was born.
- ^ a b Prusice was ceded by Conrad V to his brother Conrad VII, in 1421.
- ^ a b Wołów was ceded by Conrad VI to his brother Conrad V, in 1420.
- ^ In fact, the half of Ścinawa inherited from John, Duke of Ścinawa in 1365.
- ^ Her rule was contested by the Častolovice family, apparently invested with the duchy by the Bohemian king, until 1435.
- ^ Silesiacarum Rerum Scriptores (1729), Codicis Silesiæ Diplomatici, CXXV, p. 1004.
- ^ Ruled jointly with his sister-in-law, Margareta of Celje.
- ^ Strangely he was not numbered II, when he had an uncle with this name who co-ruled in the same duchy.
- ^ a b Avoid confusion between Henry XI of Głogów and Henry XI of Legnica.
- ^ John adopted the numbering V, after his uncle, Jan IV of Oświęcim
- ^ Helena Osvětimská, 2020-03-06
Bibliography
- Neue deutsche Biographie, Berlin 2001, Bd.: 20, p. 403–407
- Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Leipzig 1905–1909, Bd.: 17, p. 845–847
Sites
http://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/regents/poland/silesia.htm