Geosciences, biotechnology, anthropology and geoengineering
COVID-19 pandemic
Images from the NASA Earth Observatory show a stark drop in pollution in Wuhan, when comparing NO2 levels in early 2019 (top) and early 2020 (bottom).[306]
In February - March 2020 campaigners say that governments should act with the same urgency on climate as on the coronavirus. The health crisis is reducing carbon emissions more than any policy.
Global air traffic decreased by 4.3% in February 2020 with cancellations of tens of thousands of flights to affected areas.[307]
Chinese measures against coronavirus in Feb 2020 reduced coal consumption at power plants 36%, oil refining capacity 34% and satellite-based NO2 levels 37%.[308]
US seafood imports and exports for fresh products dropped during the pandemic while frozen products were less affected. Demand for seafood at restaurants also dropped but there were increases in seafood delivery and takeout.[263]
For further information see the tag [COVID-19] above.
Predicted and scheduled events
International goals
A list of − mostly self-imposed and legally voluntary or unenforceable − goals due by 2020 as decided by multinational corporate associations and international governance entities and their status:
↑The five: things you need to know about locusts Guardian 15 Feb 2020
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↑"UN report: Covid crisis does little to slow climate change". BBC News. 9 September 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
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↑Greenfield, Patrick (September 9, 2020). "Humans exploiting and destroying nature on unprecedented scale – report". The Guardian. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
↑Woodyatt, Amy (September 10, 2020). "Human activity has wiped out two-thirds of world's wildlife since 1970, landmark report says". CNN. Retrieved September 10, 2020.
↑"Living Planet Report 2020"(PDF). Retrieved 30 September 2020.
12"Great Barrier Reef: Scientists find reef taller than Empire State Building". BBC News. 28 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
↑"Scientists discover 500-meter-tall coral reef in the Great Barrier Reef, the first to be discovered in over 120 years". phys.org. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
↑Lu, Donna. "Biobank to house 800 coral species so we can restore reefs in future". New Scientist. Retrieved 9 December 2020.
↑"Sentinel-6: 'Dog kennel' satellite blasts off on ocean mission". BBC News. 21 November 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2020.
↑Shipping fuel regulation to cut sulfur levels comes into force. New rules introduced by International Maritime Organization expected to reduce certain forms of air pollution The Guardian 1 Jan 2020
↑Palau is first country to ban 'reef toxic' sun cream The Guardian 1 Jan 2020
↑Tens of thousands flee in mass bushfire evacuation – as it happened before Guardian 3 Jan 2020
↑Australian bushfires to contribute to huge annual increase in global carbon dioxide The Guardian 24 Jan 2020
↑Storm Gloria floods major river delta in eastern Spain BBC 22 Jan 2020
↑Multiple fatalities after earthquake hits eastern Turkey The Guardian 25 Jan 2020
↑Amazon deforestation for January hits record Feb 8, 2020
↑Turner, I.M. (2001). The ecology of trees in the tropical rain forest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN0-521-80183-4
↑In pictures: Storm Ciara batters north-western Europe BBC 10 February 2020
↑Storm Ciara helps plane beat transatlantic flight record BBC 9 February 2020
↑Great Barrier Reef could face 'most extensive coral bleaching ever', scientists say Guardian 21 Feb 2020
↑torm Dennis: flood-hit communities brace for more heavy rain Rivers Severn, Teme and Wye will remain high as rain builds up again from Wednesday morning Guardian 21 Feb 2020
↑"Diesel fuel spill in Norilsk in Russia's Arctic contained". TASS. Moscow, Russia. 5 June 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
↑Max Seddon (4 June 2020), "Siberia fuel spill threatens Moscow's Arctic ambitions", Financial Times
↑"Putin orders state of emergency after huge fuel spill inside Arctic Circle". The Guardian. 3 June 2020. Retrieved 4 June 2020.
↑"Putin slams mining company over massive Siberian diesel leak, declares state of emergency". RTÉ. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. AFP. 3 June 2020. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
↑Ivan Nechepurenko (5 June 2020), "Russia Declares Emergency After Arctic Oil Spill", New York Times
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↑"Sea-ice-free Arctic makes permafrost vulnerable to thawing". Science Daily. 8 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
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↑"Ocean temperatures hit record high as rate of heating accelerates". The Guardian. 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
↑"Record-setting ocean warmth continued in 2019". EurekAlert!. 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
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↑"Emissions of potent greenhouse gas have grown, contradicting reports of huge reductions". University of Bristol. 21 January 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
↑"Study finds shock rise in levels of potent greenhouse gas". The Guardian. 21 January 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
↑Stanley, K. M.; Say, D.; Mühle, J.; Harth, C. M.; Krummel, P. B.; Young, D.; O'Doherty, S. J.; Salameh, P. K.; Simmonds, P. G.; Weiss, R. F.; Prinn, R. G.; Fraser, P. J.; Rigby, M. (21 January 2020). "Increase in global emissions of HFC-23 despite near-total expected reductions". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 397. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11..397S. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13899-4. ISSN2041-1723. PMC6972758. PMID31964859.
↑"Platypus on brink of extinction". EurekAlert!. 21 January 2020. Retrieved 22 January 2020.
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↑"Closing the Ozone Hole Helped Slow Arctic Warming". Scientific American. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
↑Polvani, L. M.; Previdi, M.; England, M. R.; Chiodo, G.; Smith, K. L. (February 2020). "Substantial twentieth-century Arctic warming caused by ozone-depleting substances". Nature Climate Change. 10 (2): 130–133. Bibcode:2020NatCC..10..130P. doi:10.1038/s41558-019-0677-4. S2CID210835010.
↑New study says Earth's most biodiverse ecosystems facing collapse. A new study mapped more than 100 locations where extreme weather events have affected forests and coral reefs. By Joseph Guzman, thehill.com, Jan 28, 2020.
↑Climate change, heatwaves and humans are 'sparking a collapse in reefs and forests', by Rob Waugh, January 27, 2020, Yahoo News.
↑França, Filipe M.; Benkwitt, Cassandra E.; Peralta, Guadalupe; Robinson, James P. W.; Graham, Nicholas A. J.; Tylianakis, Jason M.; Berenguer, Erika; Lees, Alexander C.; Ferreira, Joice; Louzada, Júlio; Barlow, Jos (16 March 2020). "Climatic and local stressor interactions threaten tropical forests and coral reefs"(PDF). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 375 (1794) 20190116. doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0116. PMC7017775. PMID31983328.
↑"Rewilding can mitigate climate change, researchers report after global assessment". phys.org. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
↑Sandom, Christopher J.; Middleton, Owen; Lundgren, Erick; Rowan, John; Schowanek, Simon D.; Svenning, Jens-Christian; Faurby, Søren (16 March 2020). "Trophic rewilding presents regionally specific opportunities for mitigating climate change". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 375 (1794) 20190125. doi:10.1098/rstb.2019.0125. PMC7017765. PMID31983340.
↑"An Antarctic base recorded a temperature of 64.9 degrees F. If confirmed, it's a record high". NBC News. 7 February 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
↑Freedman, Andrew (14 February 2020). "Temperature in Antarctica soars to near 70 degrees, appearing to topple continental record set days earlier". Washington Post. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
↑"NASA flights detect millions of Arctic methane hotspots". phys.org. Retrieved 8 March 2020.
↑"Northern Hemisphere faces 4-fold rise in extreme heat periods: study". phys.org. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
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↑"South American volcano showing early warning signs of 'potential collapse,' research shows". phys.org. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
↑Rice, Doyle. "Ecuador's 'throat of fire' volcano showing signs of 'potential collapse,' study shows". USA TODAY. Retrieved 9 March 2020.
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↑"'Unprecedented' globally: more than 20% of Australia's forests burnt in bushfires". The Guardian. 24 February 2020. Retrieved 25 February 2020.
↑"In the line of fire". Nature. 10 (3): 169. 24 February 2020. Bibcode:2020NatCC..10..169.. doi:10.1038/s41558-020-0720-5.
↑Tarabay, Jamie (21 January 2020). "Why These Australia Fires Are Like Nothing We've Seen Before". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
↑Morton, Adam; Evershed, Nick; Readfearn, Graham (22 November 2019). "Australia bushfires factcheck: are this year's fires unprecedented?". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
↑Fountain, Henry (4 March 2020). "Climate Change Affected Australia's Wildfires, Scientists Confirm". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
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↑"Tropical forests' carbon sink is already rapidly weakening". phys.org. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
↑Harvey, Fiona (4 March 2020). "Tropical forests losing their ability to absorb carbon, study finds". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
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↑"Ecosystems the size of Amazon 'can collapse within decades'". The Guardian. 10 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
↑"Amazon rainforest could be gone within a lifetime". EurekAlert!. 10 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
↑"Ecosystems the size of Amazon 'can collapse within decades'". The Guardian. 10 March 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
↑Cooper, Gregory S.; Willcock, Simon; Dearing, John A. (10 March 2020). "Regime shifts occur disproportionately faster in larger ecosystems". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 1175. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.1175C. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15029-x. ISSN2041-1723. PMC7064493. PMID32157098.
↑"Research shows mangrove conservation can pay for itself in flood protection". phys.org. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
↑Menéndez, Pelayo; Losada, Iñigo J.; Torres-Ortega, Saul; Narayan, Siddharth; Beck, Michael W. (10 March 2020). "The Global Flood Protection Benefits of Mangroves". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 4404. Bibcode:2020NatSR..10.4404M. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61136-6. ISSN2045-2322. PMC7064529. PMID32157114.
↑"Restore soil to absorb billions of tonnes of carbon: study". phys.org. Retrieved 5 April 2020.
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↑Watts, Jonathan; Kommenda, Niko (23 March 2020). "Coronavirus pandemic leading to huge drop in air pollution". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
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↑"Great Barrier Reef suffers third mass bleaching in five years". BBC News. 26 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
↑"Statement: coral bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef". GBRMPA. 26 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
↑"Wrecked sea life could be largely revived in 30 years under action plan, say scientists". The Independent. 2 April 2020. Archived from the original on 2020-04-04. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
↑"Landmark study concludes marine life can be rebuilt by 2050". phys.org. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
↑Carrington, Damian (1 April 2020). "Oceans can be restored to former glory within 30 years, say scientists". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
↑Duarte, Carlos M.; Agusti, Susana; Barbier, Edward; Britten, Gregory L.; Castilla, Juan Carlos; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Fulweiler, Robinson W.; Hughes, Terry P.; Knowlton, Nancy; Lovelock, Catherine E.; Lotze, Heike K.; Predragovic, Milica; Poloczanska, Elvira; Roberts, Callum; Worm, Boris (April 2020). "Rebuilding marine life"(PDF). Nature. 580 (7801): 39–51. Bibcode:2020Natur.580...39D. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2146-7. PMID32238939. S2CID214736503.
↑"In not so good news for earth, unusual mini-ozone hole opens over Arctic". The Tribune India. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
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↑"Climate change triggers Great Barrier Reef bleaching – ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies". www.coralcoe.org.au. Archived from the original on 16 May 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
↑"Great Barrier Reef suffers third mass coral bleaching event in five years". The Guardian. 25 March 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2020.
↑"U.S. underestimates methane emissions from offshore oil industry -study". Reuters. 13 April 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
↑"Offshore oil and gas platforms release more methane than previously estimated". University of Michigan News. 14 April 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
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↑Gorchov Negron, Alan M.; Kort, Eric A.; Conley, Stephen A.; Smith, Mackenzie L. (21 April 2020). "Airborne Assessment of Methane Emissions from Offshore Platforms in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico". Environmental Science & Technology. 54 (8): 5112–5120. Bibcode:2020EnST...54.5112G. doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c00179. ISSN0013-936X. PMID32281379.
↑"Alarms ring as Greenland ice loss causes 40% of 2019 sea level rise". phys.org. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
↑"Greenland ice sheet shrinks by record amount: climate study". Reuters. 15 April 2020. Archived from the original on April 15, 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
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↑"Climate-driven megadrought is emerging in western US, study says". phys.org. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
↑Fountain, Henry (16 April 2020). "Southwest Drought Rivals Those of Centuries Ago, Thanks to Climate Change". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
↑Freedman, Andrew; Fears, Darryl (16 April 2020). "The western U.S. is locked in the grips of the first human-caused megadrought, study finds". Washington Post. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
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↑"Satellite data show 'highest emissions ever measured' from U.S. oil and gas operations". phys.org. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
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↑"'Near-unlivable' heat for one-third of humans within 50 years if greenhouse gas emissions are not cut". University of Exeter. 4 May 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
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↑"A possible explanation for the Earth's North magnetic pole moving toward Russia". phys.org. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
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