Loading article…
このインターネットトップレベルドメイン（TLD）のリストには、インターネットのドメインネームシステムのDNSルートゾーンにあるドメインであるトップレベルドメインが含まれています。インターネット割り当て番号機関（IANA）によるトップレベルドメインのリストは、ルートゾーンデータベースで管理されています。[1] IANAは、 ICANNの新しいトップレベルドメイン提案の承認プロセスも監督しています。 2021年4月現在、ルートドメインには1502のトップレベルドメインが含まれています。[2] [3] 2021年3月現在、IANAルートデータベースには1589のTLDが含まれています。 これには、割り当てられていない（取り消された）68、廃止された8、およびテストドメイン11も含まれます。[1]これらはIANAのリストには表示されず[2]、root.zoneファイルにも含まれていません（root.zoneファイルには1つのルートドメインも含まれています）。[4][update][update]
種類
IANAはトップレベルドメインを以下のグループに区別しています: [5]
- インフラストラクチャトップレベルドメイン(ARPA)
- ジェネリックトップレベルドメイン(gTLD)
- 汎用制限トップレベルドメイン (grTLD)
- スポンサートップレベルドメイン（sTLD）
- 国コードトップレベルドメイン(ccTLD)
- テストトップレベルドメイン（tTLD）
オリジナルのトップレベルドメイン
7 つのジェネリック トップレベル ドメインは、インターネット開発の初期に作成され、1998 年のICANN設立以前に遡ります。
- 名前: DNS名
- エンティティ: 意図された使用
- 管理者: マネージャー
- 注記: 一般的な注意事項
- IDN:国際化ドメイン名(IDN)のサポート
- DNSSEC:ドメインネームシステムセキュリティ拡張の DS レコードの存在
インフラストラクチャトップレベルドメイン
国コードトップレベルドメイン
2017年5月20日現在、ラテンアルファベットのみで2文字のコードを使用する国別コードトップレベルドメインは255個ありました。2022年6月現在[update]、国際化ドメインを加えてその数は316個になりました。[1]
提案された国際ccTLD
ICANN時代のジェネリックトップレベルドメイン
- 名前: DNS名
- 対象市場: 想定される用途
- 制限事項: 登録できるユーザーやドメインの使用方法に関する制限事項（ある場合）
- オペレーター: レジストリが委任されたエンティティ
- IDN:国際化ドメイン名(IDN)のサポート
- DNSSEC:ドメインネームシステムセキュリティ拡張の DS レコードの存在
英語
あ
B
Ｃ
だ
え
ふ
グ
H
私
J
け
ら
ま
いいえ
お
ポ
質問
R
S
T
あなた
五
わ
バツ
はい
ず
中国語
フランス語
ドイツ語
ヒンディー語
イタリア語
ポルトガル語
スペイン語
国際化されたジェネリックトップレベルドメイン
これらの TLD はすべて国際化ドメイン名(IDN) であり、第 2 レベルの IDN をサポートしています。
- 注記: 一般的な注意事項と使用目的
- DNSSEC:ドメインネームシステムセキュリティ拡張の DS レコードの存在
Other script
Geographic top-level domains
- Name: DNS name
- Entity: Target geographic area
- Notes: general remarks
- IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
Africa
Asia
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
Internationalized geographic top-level domains
Brand and corporate top-level domains
- Name: DNS name
- Entity: company and/or brand
- Notes: general remarks
- IDN: support for internationalized domain names (IDN)
- DNSSEC: presence of DS records for Domain Name System Security Extensions
Internationalized brand top-level domains
Special-use domains
ICANN/IANA has created some special-use domain names which are meant for technical purposes. ICANN/IANA owns all of the special-use domain names.[244]
Non-IANA domains
Besides the TLDs managed (or at least tracked) by IANA or ICANN, other independent groups have created, or had attempted to create, their own TLDs with varying technical specifications, functions, and outcomes.
Internet Engineering Task Force proposals for local TLDs
The IETF has submitted several requests for comments on TLDs that could be used to represent local devices and services.
Blockchain-registered
Blockchain-based domains are registered and exchanged using a public blockchain like Ethereum. Oftentimes, these domains serve specific functions such as creating human-readable references to smart contract addresses used in DApps or personal wallet addresses.[250] Generally, these non-standard domains are unreachable through the normal DNS resolution process and instead require clients to use some sort of transparent web proxy or gateway to access them
Alternate roots
In the case of alternative DNS roots, organizations or projects make use of the same mechanisms of the DNS but instead take on the role of ICANN in managing and administering an entirely separate root zone, thus having the ability to create new TLDs independently. However, this doesn't make these domains any less isolated from the rest of the internet, though the ability for clients to resolve them theoretically only requires switching to a recursive DNS resolver that recognizes and serves records underneath the alternate root zone.
See also
- Top-level domain
- Country code top-level domain
- Generic top-level domain
- IDN Test TLDs
- ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, the standard for two-letter country codes, which most ccTLDs are based on
- Proposed top-level domain
- Second-level domain, information about .co.jp, .co.uk, .co.kr, .co.nf, etc.
- Public Suffix List
Explanatory notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag Domain registry is operated by United TLD Holdco Ltd. t/a Rightside Registry, a subsidiary of the Rightside Group.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Operated by Charleston Road Registry, Inc., a subsidiary of Google. See [1].
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p A subsidiary of Minds + Machines Group (formerly Top Level Domain Holdings.)
Internet Domain Notes
- ^ Operating as Binky Moon, LLC
- ^ Operating as Binky Moon, LLC
- ^ Operating as Steel Falls, LLC
- ^ Operating as Baxter Hill, LLC
- ^ Operating as Half Hallow, LLC
- ^ Operating as Grand Hollow, LLC
- ^ Operating as Over Galley, LLC
- ^ Operating as Atomic Madison, LLC
- ^ Operating as Spring Cross, LLC
- ^ Operating as Half Sunset, LLC
- ^ Operating as Atomic Maple, LLC
- ^ Operating as Delta Dynamite, LLC
- ^ Operating as Delta Mill, LLC
- ^ Operating as Foggy Hollow, LLC
- ^ Operating as Goose Cross, LLC
- ^ Operating as Wild Corner, LLC
- ^ Operating as Delta Lake, LLC
- ^ Operating as New Falls, LLC
- ^ Operating as Tin Mill, LLC
- ^ Operating as Sand Cover, LLC
- ^ Operating as Holly Fields, LLC
- ^ Operating as Snow Sky, LLC
- ^ Operating as Black Corner, LLC
- ^ Operating as Fox Shadow, LLC
- ^ Operating as Goose Park, LLC
- ^ Operating as Steel Lake, LLC
- ^ Operating as Puff Willow, LLC
- ^ Operating as Trixy Cover, LLC
- ^ Operating as Fox Orchard, LLC
- ^ Operating as Silver Avenue, LLC
- ^ Operating as Pine Mill, LLC
- ^ Operating as Pine House, LLC
- ^ Operating as Fox Dynamite, LLC
- ^ Operating as Magic Woods, LLC
- ^ Operating as Koko Lake, LLC
- ^ Operating as Snow Shadow, LLC
- ^ Operating as Binky Frostbite, LLC
- ^ Operating as Spring Way, LLC
- ^ Operating as Pine Fest, LLC
- ^ Operating as Sand Sunset, LLC
- ^ Operating as Steel Station, LLC
- ^ Operating as Tin Birch, LLC
- ^ Operating as John Edge, LLC
- ^ Operating as Dash Park, LLC
- ^ Operating as Half Trail, LLC
- ^ Operating as Extra Madison, LLC
- ^ Operating as Holly Hill, LLC
- ^ Operating as Sugar Cross, LLC
- ^ Operating as Brice Way, LLC
- ^ Operating as Spring Madison, LLC
- ^ Operating as Binky Birch, LLC
- ^ Operating as Romeo Canyon.
- ^ Operating as Snow Oaks, LLC
- ^ Operating as Corn Station, LLC
- ^ Operating as Trixy Park, LLC
- ^ Operating as Pioneer Maple, LLC
- ^ Operating as Spring Falls, LLC
- ^ Operating as Magic Pass, LLC
- ^ Operating as Victor Beach, LLC
- ^ Operating as Atomic Pipe, LLC
- ^ Operating as Just Maple, LLC
- ^ Operating as Cotton Cypress, LLC
- ^ Operating as Just Cover, LLC
- ^ Operating as Fox Woods, LLC
- ^ Operating as Brice Orchard, LLC
- ^ Operating as Fox Station, LLC
- ^ Operating as Half Cypress, LLC
- ^ Operating as John Dale, LLC
- ^ Operating as John Castle, LLC
- ^ Operating as Lone Fields, LLC
- ^ Operating as Sugar House, LLC
- ^ Operating as Top Level Design
- ^ Operating as Goose Sky, LLC
- ^ Operating as Black Cover, LLC
- ^ Operating as Over Madison, LLC
- ^ Operating as Corn Sunset, LLC
- ^ Operating as Snow Moon, LLC
- ^ Operating as Pioneer Cypress, LLC
- ^ Operating as Silver Glen, LLC
- ^ Operating as John Madison, LLC
- ^ Operating as Goose Woods, LLC
- ^ Operating as Sugar Park, LLC
- ^ Operating as Outer House, LLC
- ^ Operating as Outer Maple, LLC
- ^ Operating as Pioneer Willow, LLC
- ^ Operating as Wild Way, LLC
- ^ Operating as Holly Glen, LLC
- ^ Operating as Just Goodbye, LLC
- ^ Operating as Pine Moon, LLC
- ^ Operating as Victor Trail, LLC
- ^ Operating as Trixy Oaks, LLC
- ^ Operating as John McCook, LLC
- ^ Operating as Big Fest, LLC
- ^ Operating as Hidden Frostbite, LLC
- ^ Operating as June Woods, LLC
- ^ Operating as John Goodbye, LLC
- ^ Operating as Fern Pass, LLC
- ^ a b Operating as Dog Beach, LLC
- ^ Operating as Grand Glen, LLC
- ^ Operating as Dog Beach, LLC
- ^ Operating as Trixy Manor, LLC
- ^ Operating as Magic Glen, LLC
- ^ Operating as Sea Goodbye, LLC
- ^ Operating as Sugar Glen, LLC
- ^ Operating as Sea Corner, LLC
- ^ Operating as Foggy Sky, LLC
- ^ Operating as Foggy Moon, LLC
- ^ Operating as Snow Galley, LLC
- ^ Operating as Spring Tigers, LLC
- ^ Operating as Afilias Domains No. 5 Limited.
- ^ Operating as Magic Birch, LLC
- ^ Operating as Big Pass, LLC
- ^ Operating as Grand Island, LLC
- ^ Operating as Big Hollow, LLC
- ^ Operating as Lone Sunset, LLC
- ^ Operating as Binky Glen, LLC
- ^ Operating as Snow Avenue, LLC
- ^ Operating as Little Galley, LLC
- ^ Operating as Fox Castle, LLC
- ^ Operating as Binky Galley, LLC
- ^ Operating as Fern Madison, LLC
- ^ Operating as Ruby Town, LLC
- ^ Operating as Silver Cover, LLC
- ^ Operating as Atomic Fields, LLC
- ^ Operating as Half Falls, LLC
- ^ Operating as Grand Orchard, LLC
- ^ Operating as Tin Avenue, LLC
- ^ Operating as Dash Cypress, LLC
- ^ Operating as Victor Frostbite, LLC
- ^ Operating as Delta Orchard, LLC
- ^ Operating as New Cypress, LLC
- ^ Operating as Outer Moon, LLC
- ^ Operating as Auburn Bloom, LLC
- ^ Operating as Pioneer Tigers, LLC
Citations
- ^ a b c "IANA — Root Zone Database". iana.org. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ a b "IANA's list of TLDs in machine-readable format". Iana.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Daily TLD DNSSEC Report". icann.org. ICANN. 31 May 2020. Archived from the original on 25 March 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ "Root Zone file". Retrieved 20 June 2020.
- ^ "IANA root zone database". Iana.org. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
- ^ "Root Zone Database". iana.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ National Research Council, Committee on Internet Navigation and the Domain Name System: Technical Alternatives and Policy Implications; National Research Council, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (7 August 2005). Signposts in Cyberspace: The Domain Name System and Internet Navigation. National Academies Press. ISBN 978-0-309-09640-9.
{{cite book}}:|author1=has generic name (help) - ^ J. Postel; J. Reynolds (October 1984). Domain requirements. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC0920. RFC 920. Status Unknown.
- ^ a b J. Postel (March 1994). Domain Name System Structure and Delegation. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1591. RFC 1591. Informational.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "FFM acquired by GRS, immediate price changes". 3 September 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu nv nw nx ny nz oa ob oc od oe of og oh oi oj ok ol om on oo op oq or os ot ou ov ow ox oy oz pa pb pc pd pe pf pg ph pi pj pk pl pm pn po pp pq pr ps pt pu pv pw px py pz qa qb qc qd qe qf qg qh qi qj qk ql qm qn qo qp qq qr qs qt qu qv qw qx qy qz ra rb rc rd re rf rg rh ri rj rk rl rm rn ro rp rq rr rs rt ru rv rw rx ry rz sa sb sc sd se sf sg sh si sj sk sl sm sn so sp sq "IANA Root Zone Database". Iana.org. Retrieved 25 July 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak "IANA — Repository of IDN Practices". iana.org. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
- ^ ".app". get.app. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
- ^ ".apple". Retrieved 15 May 2020.
- ^ "Legal - .Apple TLD Policies - Apple". Apple Legal. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
- ^ ".ARCHI Online Visibility for Architects Worldwide". Retrieved 7 October 2014.
- ^ ".ARCHI policies". Archived from the original on 11 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Uniregistry IDN Policy". Uniregistry.link. Archived from the original on 25 June 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ ".bio: Why .bio?". domains.bio. Archived from the original on 4 September 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
- ^ ".bio: Eligibility Requirements". domains.bio. Archived from the original on 4 September 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2020.Identity Digital
- ^ "IFOAM Organics International: Principles of Organic Agriculture". IFOAM Organics International. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
- ^ "Afilias Limited: Afilias Acquires Premium TLDs .ARCHI, .BIO and .SKI". afilias.info. Archived from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
- ^ "Why .BLACK?". Black/why-black. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "About Knock Knock, WHOIS There". 13 April 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
- ^ "Why .BLUE?". Dotblue.blue. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Register your .bot domain". www.amazonregistry.com. Archived from the original on 26 May 2023.
- ^ "Amazon Registry". www.registry.amazon.
- ^ "Transfer Report for cam". www.iana.org. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
- ^ "CancerResearch launch Site". Home.cancerresearch. Archived from the original on 6 November 2020. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
- ^ ".CEO Domain Names : .CEO Domains : Register New TLDs". dynadot.com. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
- ^ "DotClub FAQ - DotClub". Retrieved 25 May 2014.
- ^ "Amendment to Registry Agreement" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- ^ ".cyou - A New Domain Extension For Gen Z individuals And Brands". shortdot.bond. 3 March 2020. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
- ^ "Transfer Report for cyou". www.iana.org. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
- ^ Who is .eco for? .eco Registry. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
- ^ About the .eco System .eco Registry. Retrieved 26 June 2017
- ^ [ [2] Big Room Inc.] Retrieved on 26 June 2017
- ^ "application for .ESQ". ICANN. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
- ^ §18.b.iv, application for .FLY, ICANN. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ ".foo". Icannwiki.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ ".game Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
- ^ "Setting a Higher Bar: Our .gay Commitment Is an Industry-First". www.circleid.com.
- ^ "Why .GDN". Retrieved 15 June 2023.
- ^ ".gle Registry Agreement". Icann.org. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "Resources". Icann.org. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ Acceptable use and anti-abuse policy Archived 25 November 2014 at archive.today, nic.green, accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ get.hiphop
- ^ "Why .ink? - .ink". Nic.ink. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Registry Agreement institute". www.icann.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ "What is .jobs?". Nic.jobs. Archived from the original on 20 February 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Join Law FAQ". join.law. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- ^ "Check website's whois information".
- ^ ".link Official - Uniregistry". Nic.link. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ ".living Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
- ^ "Uniregistry extensions and domains". Retrieved 26 December 2015.
- ^ "ICANN Application ID: 1-1255-64246". icann.org. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
- ^ ".music Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Registration Policies | OnGood".
- ^ "ntt Registration Policies". Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
- ^ "TLD Registration Policies — Registration Policy - .OPEN" (PDF). American Express Travel Related Services Co., Inc. (nic.open). Retrieved 3 July 2020.
- ^ ".ORGANIC Eligibility". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
- ^ nic.pharmacy Archived 25 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine, accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ^ ".photo Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
- ^ "physio - Network Information Centre". Nic.physio. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
- ^ ".physio Eligibility Policy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ UPU. "Description of TLD Policies: Criteria for Registration". E17. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
- ^ UPU. "Description of TLD Policies:TLD String". E2. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
Only ASCII characters are used
- ^ ".pro Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
- ^ ".qpon Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
- ^ ".quebec Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 1 September 2024.
- ^ NAR Announces Launch of .REALTOR Top-Level Domain Archived 14 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine, realtor.org. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ "Why .RED?". Get.red. Archived from the original on 12 February 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ nic.reit. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
- ^ "CentralNic Account Manager". Manage.centralnic.com. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "A respectful domain name for remembering loved ones". Retrieved 29 December 2014.
- ^ "scholarships Registry Agreement". ICANN. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
- ^ "Scholarships Domain Names | The .Scholarships Registry". Nic.scholarships. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Telnic. "IDN.tel". Archived from the original on 2 May 2010. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
- ^ "Termination of the Registry Agreement for .UCONNECT" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 December 2019.
- ^ ".volvo Registration Policy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
- ^ ".VOTE Registration Policy". Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
- ^ "Zodiac Holdings Limited". En.nic.wang. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Daily list of new gTLD domain name registrations". Retrieved 10 November 2014.
- ^ "Weirdest new gTLD launch yet? .wed launches with a single registrar". DomainIncite - Domain Name News & Opinion. 18 March 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ ".WED Third Level Extensions". Atgron, Inc Introduces .WED. A New Top Level Domain for Your Wedding. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Resources". Icann.org. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "New TLDs this week: .London, .Global and more". Domain Name Wire - Domain Name News & Views. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "关于拟注销北京千橡网景科技发展有限公司".ren"顶级域域名注册管理机构许可的公示" (in Chinese). 9 December 2019. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ^ §5, Policy for the Registration of .reise Domain Names Archived 20 February 2020 at the Wayback Machine, dotreise GmbH. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ "'Immo' as abbreviation for 'immobiliën'". Archived from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
- ^ ".VOTO Registration Policy". Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
- ^ "Registrant FAQs". Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
- ^ General Eligibility Requirements and Principles for the new .LAW and .ABOGADO top-level domains Archived 29 November 2014 at the Wayback Machine, accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ^ "Why choose .LTDA?". .LTDA advantages. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
- ^ "IANA — Repository of IDN Practices". iana.org. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay "Delegated Strings". Newgtlds.icann.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ a b "Chinese government buys 20,000 new IDN domain names". Domain Name Wire - Domain Name News & Views. 19 March 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ ".政府 - ICANNWiki". Retrieved 17 September 2023.
- ^ "Google Registry – Google". Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Report on the Delegation of the .বাংলা ("bangla") domain representing Bangladesh in Bengali script to the Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Posts and Telecommunications Division". www.iana.org. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
- ^ "Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs) | Registry.In". www.registry.in. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
- ^ ".africa Domain Frequently Asked Questions". .africa - Registry Africa. 16 May 2020. Archived from the original on 16 May 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
- ^ "dotCapeTown - .CapeTown - The new domain extension for the City of Cape Town". Nic.capetown. Archived from the original on 30 June 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "dotDurban - .Durban - The new domain extension for the City of Durban". Nic.durban. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "dotJoburg - .Joburg - The new domain extension for the City of Johannesburg". Nic.joburg. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA - .krd Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ^ .krd Network Information Centre, accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ^ "About .kyoto". The Kyoto College of Graduate Studies for Informatics. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
- ^ "「.nagoya」名古屋のための新ドメイン". GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA - .okinawa Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 25 August 2022.
- ^ IANA - .ryukyu Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ^ ".taipei Net Top City". Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ "「.tokyo」東京のための新ドメイン". GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社. Archived from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "「.yokohama」横浜のための新ドメイン". GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Book your extension .alsace".
- ^ ".BZH - L'extension internet de la Bretagne". .BZH - L'extension internet de la Bretagne.
- ^ a b ".eus Domeinua - .eus - Euskara eta Euskal Kultura Interneten". Nic.eus. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ ".paris Registration Policy" (PDF). cdn.paris.fr. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
- ^ (in Catalan) Fundació punt CAT | A Internet, el català és .cat. Registra ara un domini i identifica’t amb el teu .cat. Fundacio.cat. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
- ^ "Dominio .gal". Dominio.gal. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA - .madrid Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ^ "Startseite - .bayern - Das Web wird weiß-blau". nic.bayern.
- ^ (in German) berlin Top-Level-Domain Archived 18 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Nic.berlin. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
- ^ "The New TLDS .koeln & .cologne". Dot.cologne. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "The New TLDS .koeln & .cologne". Dot.koeln. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA - .nrw Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
- ^ ".ruhr". Dot.ruhr. 5 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "dotSaarland GmbH". Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ EURid.
- ^ amsterdam Top-Level-Domain.
- ^ ".brussels is now in the root! - DNS Belgium". Nic.brussels. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ a b ".cymru .wales Our Home Online". Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ (in Dutch) frl Top-Level-Domain. Nic.frl. Retrieved 5 September 2014.
- ^ "Official website of .GENT". Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ "The New London Code". Nic.london. Archived from the original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "About TLDs .MOSCOW and .МОСКВА - dotMoscow: .MOSCOW and .МОСКВА TLDs for Russian Capital". Nic.moscow. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Register .scot domains - Calico .scot domains - dotscot is the new Scottish top level domain". Calico.scot. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Zonemaster växer.stockholm". Zonemaster. The Swedish Internet Foundation.
- ^ "Zuteilung und Verwaltung der Domain-Namen der zweiten Ebene, die der Internet-Domain ".swiss" untergeordnet sind" (in German). BAKOM. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
- ^ "Mission". Tatar Internet. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ "Tirol Domain" (in German). Retrieved 25 November 2014.
- ^ ".vlaanderen is now in the root! - DNS Belgium". Nic.vlaanderen. Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ ".wien: punktwien". Nic.wien. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ ".zuerich Registry Operator Website". Retrieved 17 June 2015.
- ^ "Register domain in .su zone". Retrieved 4 June 2024.
- ^ IANA - .miami Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 25 November 2014.
- ^ ".NYC Domain Name Extension - Official Website". .NYC - The Official Website for the Ultimate New York City Address. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ ".QUEBEC". Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Dot Vegas, Inc". Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Why .kiwi?". Hello.kiwi. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ Twenty4. "nic.melbourne - Home page". nic.melbourne. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ IANA - .sydney Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ ".LAT Domain - About us". Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- ^ ".LAT Domain - FAQs". Archived from the original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
- ^ "IANA - .rio Domain Delegation Data". Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
- ^ IANA - .佛山 Domain Delegation Data, IANA. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ "О фонде | Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development".
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ ".abc Domain Registration - .abc Domains - American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. Domain Name .abc - Register American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. Domain Name .abc". 101domain.com. Retrieved 22 July 2018.
- ^ IANA — .allfinanz Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .android Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .aquarelle Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ "dotAXA: AXA Group New Online Space" (PDF). Domains.axa. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ a b "Barclays begins using .Barclays and .Barclaycard top level domains". 15 May 2015. Retrieved 8 August 2015.
- ^ "FIBA launches .basketball as new digital identity of the global basketball community" (Press release). FIBA. 15 June 2017. Archived from the original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
- ^ IANA — .bloomberg Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ^ "Home dotBMW registry operator". nic.bmw. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .bnl Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 June 2015.
- ^ "nic.bnpparibas". Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ "IANA — .bradesco Domain Delegation Data". iana.org. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
- ^ IANA — .cal Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .caravan Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .cern Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .chrome Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ^ "中国中信集团有限公司". Nic.citic. Archived from the original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .crs Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .cuisinella Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .dnp Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .dvag Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .edeka Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 10 October 2016.
- ^ IANA — .emerck Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .everbank Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .firmdale Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .flsmidth Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ "Using the .frogans gTLD". Nic.frogans. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .gbiz Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .gle Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ ".globo". Nic.globo. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .gmail Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .gmo Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .gmx Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — Delegation Record for .GOOG. Accessed on line 3 October 2018.
- ^ IANA — .google Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ ".hsbc". Retrieved 15 August 2015.
- ^ IANA — .ibm Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .kred Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .lacaixa Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 25 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .latrobe Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ a b This domain has been delegated to IRI Domain Management, LLC, a subsidiary of Intellectual Reserve, Inc., which is owned and operated by the LDS Church.
- ^ IANA — .lds Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ "IANA — .leclerc Domain Delegation Data". iana.org. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
- ^ "MANGO". Nic.mango. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Home dotMINI registry operator". Nic.mini. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ ".monash - Network Information Centre". Nic.monash. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "New gTLD Program : InitialEvaluation Report : Report Date: 10 May 2013" (PDF). Newgtlds.icann.org. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .mormon Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 21 November 2014.
- ^ "Neustar Launches New TLD .Neustar". Nic.neustar. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .nhk Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
- ^ ".nico - The Brand TLD for Dwango Co., Ltd". Dwango Co., Ltd. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
- ^ IANA — .nra Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .otsuka Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.
- ^ "The New OVH Code" (PDF). Nic.ovh. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "NIC PIAGET". Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ IANA — .pohl Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .praxi Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .prod Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ^ NIC PwC. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ^ "Site:.SANDVIKCOROMANT - Google Search". Archived from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
- ^ ".sap - ICANNWiki". icannwiki.org. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
- ^ ".sca". Archived from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .schmidt Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .seek Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 20 July 2016.
- ^ IANA — .sohu Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .spiegel Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .suzuki Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .tui Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 19 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .uol Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .williamhill Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .wme Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .wtc Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ "This is .yandex". Nic.yandex. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2014. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .youtube Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.
- ^ ".亚马逊 Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
- ^ ".アマゾン Domain Delegation Data". www.iana.org. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
- ^ "Nic.中信". nic.中信. Archived from the original on 6 March 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ IANA — .vermögensberater Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .vermögensberatung Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.
- ^ IANA — .グーグル Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ^ IANA — .谷歌 Domain Delegation Data. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.
- ^ "DNSViz — 诺基亚 Retired 2022-12-06". dnsviz.net. Retrieved 7 December 2022.
- ^ "WHOIS 서비스란?". Whois.nic. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
- ^ "Special-use domain names". Iana.org. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
- ^ Multicast DNS. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). doi:10.17487/RFC6762. RFC 6762.
- ^ Pfister, Pierre; Lemon, Ted (May 2018). "RFC: 8375 Special-Use Domain 'home.arpa.'". IETF Datatracker. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
- ^ Cheshire, Stuart; Krochmal, Marc (February 2013). "RFC: 6762 Multicast DNS Appendix G. Private DNS Namespaces". IETF Datatracker. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
- ^ 「承認された決議 | ICANN理事会特別会議 | 2024年7月29日」。ICANN。 2024年7月31日。 2024年8月9日閲覧。
- ^ 「ICANN 名前衝突」ICANN Wiki . 2024 年2 月 8 日閲覧。
- ^ Werbach, Kevin (2018年12月11日)。ブロックチェーンと信頼の新しいアーキテクチャ。MIT Press。ISBN 978-0-262-34978-9。
- ^ 「インターネット名を検閲から守る暗号プロジェクトが始動」MITテクノロジーレビュー。 2021年8月2日閲覧。
- ^ 「イーサリアムドメイン名のゴールドラッシュが始まっている」www.vice.com 2017年5月11日。 2021年8月2日閲覧。
- ^ Francisco, Kieren McCarthy、サンフランシスコ。「ICANN さん、残念ですね。私たちは独自の道を歩むことができます。Opera は反逆的なトップレベルドメイン .crypto を使用しているサイトをサポートします」。www.theregister.com。2021年8 月 2 日閲覧。
- ^ Cimpanu、Catalin。「OpenNIC、マルウェアによる悪用が横行したため、.bitドメイン名のサポートを中止」ZDNet 。 2021年8月2日閲覧。
- ^ トゥプイ、トゥプイ。 「そろばんドメイン」。