

Mineichirō Adachi (安達 峰一郎, Adachi Mineichirō; July 29, 1869 – December 28, 1934) was a Japanese legal expert and President of the Permanent Court of International Justice at the Hague from 1931 until 1934.[1][2]
Adachi was born in what is now the town of Yamanobe, Yamagata, Japan. In 1892, he graduated from the law school of Tokyo University, and began his legal and diplomatic career.
In 1892–1893, he lectured on law at Tokyo University. In 1893, he was appointed Chargé d'affaires of the Japanese Legation in Rome, and served in that position until 1896. From 1899 to 1902, he served as Chargé d'affaires of the Japanese Legation in Paris. In 1903–1904, he served as Counsellor to the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and also taught international law and diplomatic history at Tokyo University. In 1904–1905, he sat as judge at the Sasebo and Yokosuka Prize Courts.
In 1905, he was a member of the Japanese delegation that negotiated in Portsmouth the peace treaty ending the Russo-Japanese War.[3] In 1907–1910, he served again as Chargé d'affaires at the Japanese Legation in Paris, and in 1912–1915 served as Japanese Minister Plenipotentiary to Mexico. In 1915–1916, he took part in a Japanese Red Cross mission in Russia, then suffering from ravages of the First World War. In 1917, he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Belgium, and in that capacity participated in the Japanese delegation to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. During that conference, he also served as member of the Commission of Responsibilities, which recommended prosecuting German leaders accused of war crimes. From 1920 to 1927, he served as Ambassador to Belgium, and in 1927–1930 he was Ambassador to France.[4]
1930年9月25日、彼は常設国際司法裁判所の判事に選出された。1931年1月16日、彼は同裁判所の所長に選出され、死去直前の1934年1月1日までその職を務めた。[ 5 ] [ 6 ] 1932年にはアメリカ芸術科学アカデミーの外国人名誉会員に選出された。[ 7 ]彼は1934年12月28日、オランダのアムステルダムで死去した。
安達が裁判長を務めていた期間、彼の判決のほとんどは裁判所の多数意見に沿ったものであったが、1931年9月のドイツとオーストリア間の関税同盟案に関する判決だけは例外であった。多数意見はこの措置がドイツ政府とオーストリア政府が自国の独立を損なわないという義務に違反すると判断したが、安達は別意見の中で次のように主張した。
彼の主張は、提案された経済同盟はオーストリアの独立を損なうものではなく、国際連盟への加盟が加盟国それぞれに実際的な制約を課したにもかかわらず、独立の侵害には当たらないのと同様である、というものだった。[ 8 ]