僅差の選挙結果一覧

国レベルおよび行政区分内の選挙において、得票数1,000票中1票未満（0.1パーセントポイント未満）の差で決着がついた選挙の一覧です。単独当選の場合、当選者と2位の候補者の得票率の差が0.1％未満、名簿式選挙の場合、当選者と2位の候補者の得票率の差が0.1％未満の場合、または獲得議席数に0.1％未満の名簿式選挙が対象となります。なお、1,000票以上の投票があった選挙に限ります。

背景を説明すると、「選挙の分布」のセクションでは、さまざまな地域での勝敗差の分布を示しています。地域によって異なりますが、40 件中 1 件から 500 件中 1 件の選挙が、1,000 件中 1 件未満の差で決まります。

1898年から1992年までの米国の州および連邦選挙に関する2001年の調査によると、「米国下院選挙では10万票に1票、州議会選挙では1万5000票に1票が、公式に同票または1票差で勝利した候補者に投じられたという意味で『重要』であった」とのことです。^[1]

選挙ではないが、かつてはくじ引きで議員の席が決まったことがあった。1902年、民主党は3回の党大会で7,000票以上を集めたが、テキサス州第12選挙区の指名候補者を3人の中から選ぶことができなかった。2人の候補者がくじ引きで名前をくじ引きし、負けた方は撤退して勝者を支持することに同意した。オスカー・W・ギレスピーがくじ引き、指名、それに続く総選挙で勝利し、8年間議会議員を務めた。^[2]

同票となった選挙の決着方法は様々である。くじ引きやその他の運試しで決着する方法もある。決選投票や特別選挙になるものもある。議会や高位の公職者などの第三者によって決着がつくものもある。 1891年、インディアナ州ウェインタウンで、町の財務官に立候補した2人の候補者が、339対339の同票を徒競走で決着させることに合意した。^[3]しかし、架空の話もあるが、町の委員会はこの合意を却下し、当時の現職ウィリアム・シムズがもう一期その職に留まることを決定したため、提案された選挙は結局行われなかった。^[4]

接戦となった国政選挙と州選挙の表

同点選挙

単独勝者、多数決、STV 選挙における接戦の選挙結果一覧

List of close election results between parties passing the threshold in party-list proportional races

List of parties close to the threshold in proportional races

Distribution of elections by winning margin

Close elections not only demonstrate the effect of individual voters, they may reflect extra efforts from candidates or supporters when elections are close.^[516]^[517]

From 2007 to 2024, over 800 US elections ended in ties or a margin of one vote.^[518] In the United States in 2018, 88 state legislative elections were decided by less than half a percent.^[519]

Notes

^ There is considerable disagreement among historians about the exact vote totals. As Kenneth Ackerman explained in his 2003 book: "Because (a) voting was decentralized, (b) states certified electoral votes, not popular votes as 'official', and (c) Democratic votes were divided among various splinter groups, there remains today a range of published 'final results' for the 1880 presidential popular vote."^[461] The federal government lists the margin of victory as 1,898, which is used in this article.^[462] Others give the margin as 7,018;^[463]^[464] 7,368;^[465] 9,070;^[466] or 9,457^[467] among others.

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[popvote-468] There is considerable disagreement among historians about the exact vote totals. As Kenneth Ackerman explained in his 2003 book: "Because (a) voting was decentralized, (b) states certified electoral votes, not popular votes as 'official', and (c) Democratic votes were divided among various splinter groups, there remains today a range of published 'final results' for the 1880 presidential popular vote."^[461] The federal government lists the margin of victory as 1,898, which is used in this article.^[462] Others give the margin as 7,018;^[463]^[464] 7,368;^[465] 9,070;^[466] or 9,457^[467] among others.

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僅差の選挙結果一覧

接戦となった国政選挙と州選挙の表

同点選挙

単独勝者、多数決、STV 選挙における接戦の選挙結果一覧

List of close election results between parties passing the threshold in party-list proportional races

List of parties close to the threshold in proportional races

Distribution of elections by winning margin

See also

Notes

References

関連するトピック

国

行政区分

パーセントポイント

名簿式選挙の場合、当選者と2位の候補者の