| 全米図書賞ノンフィクション部門 | |
|---|---|
| 受賞理由 | 米国民による優れたノンフィクション作品。 |
| 位置 | ニューヨーク市 |
| 初受賞 | 1935 |
| Webサイト | 全米図書財団 |
全米図書賞ノンフィクション部門は、全米図書財団が米国民の優れた文学作品を表彰するために毎年授与する全米図書賞5部門のうちの1つである。この賞は「作家による作家への」賞である。 [1]審査員は「それぞれのジャンルや分野で素晴らしい作品を制作していることで知られる作家5人」である。[2]
当初の全米図書賞では、1935 年と 1936 年の「最も優れた」伝記およびノンフィクション本 (2 冊)、および 1937 年から 1940 年の「お気に入りの」ノンフィクション本が表彰されました。「書店の発見」および「最も独創的な本」では、ノンフィクションが表彰されることもありました (下記を参照)。
1950年に全米図書賞が1949年の出版物を対象に再設立された際、一般部門の「ノンフィクション」賞は3部門のうちの1つであり、全米図書財団はこれを現在の賞シリーズの起源とみなしている。[3] 1964年から1983年まで、異なる管理者のもとで、複数のノンフィクション部門が存在した。[3]
現在のノンフィクション賞は、米国市民によって書かれ、12月1日から11月30日までに米国で出版された1冊の本を表彰する。全米図書財団は、6月15日まで出版社からの推薦を受け付け、8月1日までに推薦本を審査員に郵送することを義務付け、10月に最終候補5作品を発表する。受賞者は11月の最終式典当日に発表される。賞金は1万ドルとブロンズ彫刻で、その他の最終候補には1000ドル、メダル、審査員による表彰状が贈られる。[4] ルイーズ・ネヴェルソンによる彫刻は1980年の賞のものである。[5] 1万ドルと1000ドルの賞金と、その年の出版物に対する秋の表彰は1984年から行われている。[6] [7] [a]
1984年に一般ノンフィクション部門の賞が復活した際、約200冊の本がノミネートされた。[7]
複数のノンフィクション部門(1964~1983年)
1963/1964 年度には、「ノンフィクション」に代わる 3 つの新しい賞のカテゴリーが設けられました。芸術と文学、歴史と伝記、科学、哲学、宗教です。その後 20 年間、成人向けのノンフィクション本には少なくとも 3 つの賞のカテゴリーがあり、「ノンフィクション」という用語は 1980 年から 1983 年までしか使用されていませんでした (「一般ノンフィクション」、ハードカバーとペーパーバック)。
受信者
1935–1940
1935年から1940年までの全米図書賞は、一般ノンフィクションまたは単にノンフィクションの「最も優れた」または「最も人気がある」本を毎年表彰した。1935年と1936年には、最も優れた伝記賞が別個に設けられ、受賞作は両方とも自伝であった。一方、一般ノンフィクションの受賞作6作のうち4作は自伝で、もう1作は伝記であった。さらに、すべての本が「書店発見賞」と「最も独創的な本賞」(2つの賞)の対象となり、ノンフィクションの受賞作はここに記載される。1937年と1939年だけでも、ニューヨークタイムズはそれぞれ僅差で2位と次点を挙げた。[8] [9]
1941年の全米図書賞は、小説を表彰するブックセラー・ディスカバリー賞のみでした。[10]その後、1950年に一般ノンフィクションを含む3部門で1949年の本を対象に復活するまで、全米図書賞はありませんでした。
1950年代
現在のシリーズの最初の賞は、1950年3月16日にニューヨーク市で開催された書店、書籍出版者、書籍製造業者の年次総会ディナーで、1949年のベストブックに授与されました。ノンフィクション部門のみに佳作(「特別賞」)がありました。[18]
1960年代
1960–1963
1964–1969
1964 年から 1969 年までは、受賞者は特定の部門 (例: 芸術・文学) ごとに発表されました。ただし、最終候補者は 1 つの一般ノンフィクション部門で発表されました。最終候補者の個々の部門は推測されています。
芸術と文学
歴史と伝記
科学、哲学、宗教
1970年代
1970 年代を通じて、全米図書賞は複数のカテゴリーに分かれていました。
芸術と文学
歴史、伝記、自伝
ある年には歴史賞と伝記賞が統合され、別の年には別々のカテゴリーに分かれていました。
哲学と宗教
科学
現代情勢
1980年代
1980–1983
1980年から1983年にかけて、すべてのノンフィクションサブカテゴリとその他のサブカテゴリで、ハードカバー(hc)とペーパーバック(ppb)の書籍に二重賞が設けられました。ペーパーバックの受賞作品のほとんどは、初版ですでに受賞対象となっていた第2版以降の作品でした。ここでは、初版の出版年が括弧内に記載されていますが、受賞前の暦年は「(新)」で表されます。[g]
1980 年の「ノンフィクション」カテゴリには、ペーパーバックとハードカバーの両方で次のジャンルが含まれていました。
自伝と伝記
現在の関心
一般ノンフィクション
一般的な参考資料
歴史
宗教/インスピレーション
科学
1983/1984
1983年の応募作は1982年に出版され、1949年の本は1950年に出版された。27部門の受賞者は1983年4月13日に発表され、4月28日に非公式に祝われた。[要出典]
同賞は、その春に事実上廃止された。11月には、縮小されたプログラムで救済すると発表された。翌年の夏になってようやく改訂が完了し、秋のプログラムでは、賞の対象となる年(当初は11月以前から現在の10月)に出版された本を表彰した。1983年11月以前に出版された本に対する賞はなかった。
この時までに、賞は書籍出版社のみによって後援されていました。1980年(1979年の書籍)から、賞は「アメリカ図書賞」と名付けられ、全米図書賞は1979年以降廃止されたと考えられていました。[要出典]
1984年の「改訂版」賞の応募作品は、わずか3部門で、1983年11月から1984年10月にかけて発表された。つまり、賞が授与される年とほぼ同じ期間である。11人の最終候補者は10月17日に発表された。[7]受賞者は1984年11月15日に発表され、表彰された。[63]
1984–1989
1990年代
2000年代
2010年代
2020年代
Repeat winners
Three books have won two literary National Book Awards (that is, excluding graphics), all in nonfiction subcategories of 1964 to 1983.
- John Clive, Thomas Babington Macaulay: The Shaping of the Historian
- 1974 Biography; 1974 History
- Peter Matthiessen, The Snow Leopard
- 1979 Contemporary Thought; 1980 General Nonfiction, Paperback
- Lewis Thomas, The Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher
- 1975 Arts and Letters; 1975 Science
Matthiessen and Thomas won three Awards (as did Saul Bellow, all fiction). Matthiessen won the 2008 fiction award. Thomas is one of several authors of two Award-winning books in nonfiction categories.
- Justin Kaplan, 1961, 1981 (Arts and Letters, Biography/Autobiography)
- George F. Kennan, 1957, 1968 (Nonfiction, History and Biography)
- Anne Morrow Lindbergh, 1936, 1939 (Non-Fiction, Non-Fiction)
- David McCullough, 1978, 1982 (History, Autobiography/Biography)
- Arthur Schlesinger, 1966, 1979 (History and biography, Biography and Autobiography)
- Frances Steegmuller, 1971, 1981 (Arts and Letters, Translation)
- Lewis Thomas, 1975, 1981 (Arts and Letters and Science, Science)
See also
- List of winners of the National Book Award, winners only.
Notes
- ^ Beginning 2005, the official annual webpages (see References) provide more information: the panelists in each award category, the publisher of each finalist, some audio-visual interviews with authors, etc. For 1996 to date, annual webpages generally provide transcripts of acceptance speeches by winning authors.
- ^
The other three of four runners-up listed in New York Times coverage of the awards for 1937 were works of fiction, and Nonfiction was one of four award categories, so it is likely to call Lin Yutang, The Importance of Living runner up for the Nonfiction award.
• That is not certain, for it does not match the NYT order of listing and mis-classification is possible. NYT lists four "close seconds" in order Conrad Richter, Sea of Grass; Kenneth Roberts, Northwest Passage; Lin Yutang, The Importance of Living; [Leo Rosten], The Education of Hyman Kaplan. Meanwhile, the four winners are identified by award category and listed in order Fiction, Nonfiction, Bookseller Discovery, Most Original. Both Sea of Grass and Northwest Passage are historical novels, which does not fit the second-listed category Nonfiction. The Importance of Living is nonfiction and also consistent with the third-listed winner, Bookseller Discovery. Hyman Kaplan is fiction and also consistent with the fourth-listed winner, Most Original. - ^ a b Lewis Thomas, The Lives of a Cell, won both the Arts & Letters and Science awards in 1975.
- ^ a b In 1974 John Clive, Thomas Babington Macaulay, won both the History and Biography awards.
- ^ Boorstin published the third and final volume of The Americans in 1973 (The Americans: The Democratic Experience).
- ^ Freidel published the fourth and final folume of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1973 (ending 1934).
- ^ "(new)" implies that the book was not previously eligible for a National Book Award. It does not imply a paperback original or first publication in simultaneous hard and paper editions. There may have been a first hardcover edition earlier and award-winning paperback edition later in the calendar year. • No book was a finalist for hardcover and paperback awards in the same year.
- ^ Wikipedia puts the book in genres "short-story cycle; historical fiction" and calls it a novel in her biography.
- ^ The National Book Foundation website mistakenly lists Peter Gay's The Enlightenment: An Interpretation. Gay won the 1967 Award in History and Biography for the first volume of that work, subtitled The Rise of Modern Paganism. The second and third volumes were published in 1969 (The Science of Freedom) and 1973 (A Comprehensive Anthology).
- ^ Patrick Tierney's book was later determined to be deliberately fraudulent.[83][55]
References
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- ^ a b c "Booksellers Give Prize to 'Citadel': Cronin's Work About Doctors Their Favorite--'Mme. Curie' Gets Non-Fiction Award". New York Times. March 2, 1938. p. 14. Archived from the original on March 24, 2018. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
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{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b c d e Nguyen, Sophia (October 1, 2024). "National Book Awards finalists announced for 2024". Washington Post. Retrieved October 4, 2024.
- ^ abcde Lee, Benjamin (2024年10月1日). 「サルマン・ラシュディとミランダ・ジュライが全米図書賞の最終候補に」.ガーディアン. ISSN 0261-3077 . 2024年10月4日閲覧。
