Garrity GM、Holt JG (2001)「古細菌と細菌の分類学的概要」DR Boone、RW Castenholz (編)『Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deep branching and phototrophic Bacteria ( 2nd ed.)』ニューヨーク：Springer Verlag、pp . 155–166。ISBN978-0-387-98771-2。
