Loading article…
William Samuel Quinland (October 12, 1885 – April 6, 1953)[1] was an American pathologist. He was the first African-American to be admitted to the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists and to the American Board of Pathology.
Quinland was born in All Saints, Antigua, British West Indies.[2] He taught briefly at his elementary school, then moved to the Panama Canal Zone.[3] He worked at Ancon Hospital, then at Hospital da Candelária in Brazil, before immigrating to the United States in 1914, where he initially matriculated at Howard University.[2]
In 1918, he earned a B.S. from Oskaloosa College, and in 1919 an M.D. from Meharry Medical College in Nashville.[1] From 1919 through 1921, he was the first African-American to receive a fellowship from the Rosenwald Fund. The fund sponsored his education at Harvard University, where he eventually earned a postgraduate certificate in pathology and bacteriology.[4][1][5]Harvard Medical School offered Quinland a professorship, but he rejected their offer, saying that Meharry had a greater need for doctors.[6] He worked and taught at Meharry for twenty-five years (with a two-year gap studying at the University of Chicago in 1941–2[6]) before moving in 1947 to Tuskegee Veterans Hospital.[1]
In 1937, he was admitted to the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists and the American Board of Pathology, becoming the first African-American to be accredited by either organization.[7]
1947年、彼はアフリカ系アメリカ人として初めて米国病理学会のフェローに任命された。[ 1 ]また同年、彼は黒人生活誌『Opportunity』から表彰を受けた。[ 8 ]彼は全米医師会誌とパンジャブ医学雑誌の編集者であった。[ 1 ]彼の葬儀には、彼が所属していた黒人教会には収容しきれないほどの弔問客が集まり[ 9 ] 、クライストチャーチ大聖堂で行われた。伝えられるところによると、アフリカ系アメリカ人の葬儀がナッシュビル市内の白人教会で行われたのはこれが2度目だった。 [ 4 ]
1953年のクインランドの死去から1985年頃まで、リンカーン大学は生物学分野で毎年クインランド賞を授与した。[ 10 ] 1971年頃から2001年頃まで、メハリー大学は病理学分野で毎年WSクインランド賞を授与した。