GPAC Project on Advanced Content

GPAC Project on Advanced Content (GPAC, a recursive acronym) is an open-source multimedia framework focused on modularity and standards compliance. GPAC is best known for its wide MP4/ISOBMFF/CMAF and DASH/HLS capabilities. It is popular among video enthusiasts, academic researchers, standardization bodies, and professional broadcasters, claiming to have reached 100 millions downloads as of 2025.^[5]

GPAC provides tools to process, inspect, package, stream, playback and interact with media content. Such content can be any combination of audio, video, subtitles, metadata, encrypted media, rendering and JavaScript.^[6]

The project provides four sets of software tools based on a core library called libgpac:

A multimedia packager, MP4Box, open-sourced in 2003
A general pipeline engine, gpac, introduced in version 1.0 (2019)^[7]
Side-projects made by core contributors but not part of the main repository, such as the popular mp4box.js^[8]
An API, available from many languages and platforms used by the aforementioned tools, x264^[9], and many others

GPAC is cross-platform. It is written in C99^[10] for portability reasons, attempting to keep the memory footprint as low as possible. It is currently running under Windows, Linux, MacOS X, iOS, Android, and many other systems.

History and standards

GPAC was founded in New York City in 1999^[11] as a company called AviPix. In 2003, it became open-source, with the initial goal of becoming the defacto MPEG-4 Systems standard implementation, as a small and flexible alternative to the MPEG-4 reference software.^[3]

In parallel, as MPEG-4 was intended to compete with Macromedia Flash, GPAC evolved to support other standards such as X3D, W3C SVG Tiny 1.2, and OMA/3GPP/ISMA and eventually MPEG-DASH and subsequent standards (MPEG CMAF, CENC, ProRes, WebVTT, TTML, HDR, SCTE-35, ...). The MPEG-DASH feature can be used to reconstruct .mp4 files from videos streamed and cached in this format (e.g., YouTube).^[12] Various projects in the research, open-source, security, and industrial areas used or use GPAC.^[13]

Since 2013, GPAC Licensing has offered business support and commercial licenses.^[14] In 2022 Netflix announced using GPAC for their worldwide content operations ^[15] including the Netflix service, studio content, and merchandising material.^[16]

Architecture evolution and additional tools

In 2019 the GPAC team explained the code has undergone a re-architecture^[17] called Filters with release 0.9 while release 0.8 is the last release of the legacy architecture with an extended 18-months support. The front-end applications remained unchanged, making the transition seamless. The underlying filters build a dynamic modular dataflow pipeline which can be edited and monitored using Web GUIs.^[18]

In 2020 GPAC 1.0 was released. The Website was split into a wiki documentation, a doxygen API documentation, a buildbot and GitHub actions, a testbot with a high coverage.^[19] The new gpac application has been used as a FFmpeg on steroids^[20] offering additional speed, features, ease of use. A list of use-cases with associated command-lines was later added.^[21]

Using the new architecture, GPAC has also released new projects such as mp4box.js^[22] with 1.0 release in 2025^[23], the Compliance Warden for standard compliance^[24] (2020), a GStreamer plugin^[25] (2025), a FFmpeg interposer called FFgpac^[26] (2026), and a just-in-time packager called Jitsu^[27] (2026).

Multimedia content features

Packaging

GPAC features encoders and multiplexers, publishing and content distribution tools for MP4 files and many tools for scene descriptions (BIFS/VRML/X3D converters, SWF/BIFS, SVG/BIFS, etc.). MP4Box provides all these tools in a single command-line application. Current supported features are:^[28]

MP4/3GP Conversion from MP3, AVI, MPEG-2 TS, MPEG-PS, AAC, H263, H264, H265, H266, AMR, and many others,
3GPP DIMS Packaging from SVG tiny 1.2 files,^[29]
File layout: fragmentation or interleaving, and cleaning,
File hinting for RTP/RTSP and QTSS/DSS servers (MPEG-4/ISMA/3GP/ 3GP2 files),
File splitting by size or time, extraction from file and file concatenation,
XML information dumping for MP4 and RTP hint tracks,
Media Track extractions,
ISMA E&A encryption and decryption,
3GPP timed text tools (SUB/SRT/TTXT/TeXML), VobSub import/export,
BIFS codec and scene conversion between MP4, BT and XMT-A,
LASeR codec and scene conversion between MP4, SAF, SVG and XSR (XML LASeR),
XML scene statistics for BIFS scene (BT, XMT-A and MP4),
Conversion to and from BT, XMT-A, WRL, X3D and X3DV with support for gzip.
A syntax that ensures that simple operations, i.e. concatenating 3 files into one new one, are not simple.

Playing

GPAC supports many protocols and standards, among which:^[28]

BIFS scenes (2D, 3D and mixed 2D/3D scenes),
VRML 2.0 (VRML97) scenes (without GEO or NURBS extensions),
X3D scenes (not complete) in X3D (XML) and X3DV (VRML) formats,
SVG Tiny 1.2 scenes (including packaged in 3GP DIMS files),^[29]
LASeR and SAF (partial) support,
Progressive loading/rendering of SVG, X3D and XMT files,^[29]
HTTP reading of all scene descriptions,
gzip supported for all textual formats of MPEG4/X3D/VRML/SVG,
MP4 and 3GPP file reading (local & http),
MP3 and AAC files (local & http) and HTTP streaming (Shoutcast/Icecast radios),
Most common media codecs for image, audio and video,
Most common media containers,
3GPP Timed Text / MPEG-4 Streaming Text,
MPEG-2 TS demultiplexer (local/UDP/RTP) with DVB support (Linux only),
Streaming support through RTP/RTCP (unicast and multicast) and RTSP/SDP,
Plugins for Mozilla (osmozilla, Win32 and Linux) and Internet Explorer (GPAX, Win32 and PPC 2003).

Streaming

As of version 0.4.5, GPAC has some server-side and streaming tools:^[28]

MP4/3GP file RTP streamer (unicast and multicast),
RTP streamer with service timeslicing (DVB-H) simulation,
MPEG-2 TS broadcaster using MP4/3GP files or RTP streams as inputs,
BIFS RTP broadcaster tool performing live encoding and RandomAccessPoints generation.

Contributors

The project is hosted at Télécom Paris, a leading French engineering school. Current main contributors of GPAC are:^[2]

Jean Le Feuvre^[1]^[6]^[29]
Romain Bouqueau^[3]^[14]
Aurélien David

Other (current or past) contributors are:^[2]

Cyril Concolato^[1]^[6]^[29]
Deniz Uğur
Jérôme Gorin
Pierre Souchay
Jean-Claude Moissinac^[1]^[29]
Jean-Claude Dufourd
Benoit Pellan
Philippe de Cuetos.

Additionally, GPAC is used at Télécom Paris and other universities for pedagogical purposes. Students regularly participate in the development of the project.^[2]

References

1 2 3 4Jean Le Feuvre; Cyril Concolato; Jean-Claude Moissinac (2007). "GPAC: open source multimedia framework". Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Multimedia. ACM Digital Library. pp. 1009–1012. doi:10.1145/1291233.1291452. ISBN 978-1-59593-702-5.
1 2 3 4"About us". People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28.
1 2 3Romain Bouqueau (2014-01-22). "5000th commit, 10 years of open-source software". People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28.
↑"Release 26.07.0". 24 July 2026. Retrieved 25 July 2026.
↑Romain Bouqueau (June 2025). "GPAC, 100 Million Downloads". Retrieved 2026-07-02.
1 2 3Jean Le Feuvre; Cyril Concolato (December 2012). "GPAC, Toolbox for Interactive Multimedia Packaging, Delivery and Playback". Open Source Column. ACM SIGMM Records. ISSN 1947-4598. Archived from the original on 2014-01-29. Retrieved 2014-01-28.
↑"Release GPAC 1.0 · gpac/gpac". GitHub. Retrieved 2024-10-30.
↑https://github.com/gpac/mp4box.js/
↑"x264 automatically detects gpac/mp4 · videolan/x264". VideoLan GitLab. Retrieved 2026-07-02.
↑Jean Le Feuvre. "GPAC Filters". ACM SIGMM Records. Retrieved 2026-07-02.
↑GPAC (2013). "About us". GPAC Licensing. Archived from the original on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 2014-01-28.
↑Sofer, Nir (2013). "VideoCacheView". NirSoft.net. Retrieved 2014-01-28. uses MP4Box installed as a part of GPAC package to convert the MPEG-DASH streams into a valid mp4
↑GPAC. "Other academic works using GPAC". Publications. People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28.
1 2Bouqueau, Romain (2013-05-09). "GPAC Licensing". GPAC Licensing. Retrieved 2014-01-28. The GPAC and MP4Box trademarks are internationally registered by Telecom ParisTech
↑Bouqueau, Romain (2022-11-08). "Netflix deploys GPAC as their primary packager". GPAC Licensing. Retrieved 2024-07-25. GPAC deployed by Netflix as their primary packager
↑Rayburn, Dan (2023-04-18). "NAB Streaming Summit 2023". NAB Streaming Summit. Retrieved 2024-07-25. Netflix uses GPAC in all their packaging scenarios
↑"Rearchitecture - GPAC wiki". wiki.gpac.io. Retrieved 2024-10-30.
↑https://monitor.gpac.io/
↑"GPAC wiki". wiki.gpac.io. Retrieved 2024-10-30.
↑"Release GPAC 1.0 · gpac/gpac". GitHub. Retrieved 2024-10-30.
↑https://wiki.gpac.io/Howtos/filters-oneliners/
↑https://github.com/gpac/mp4box.js/
↑https://gpac.io/2025/06/19/announcing-mp4box-js-1-0-0-with-typescript-support/
↑https://github.com/gpac/ComplianceWarden
↑https://github.com/gpac/gst-gpac-plugin
↑http://next.motionspell.com/featured-use-cases/ffgpac/
↑https://github.com/gpac/jitsu-oss
1 2 3"GPAC features". People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28.
1 2 3 4 5 6Cyril Concolato; Jean Le Feuvre; Jean-Claude Moissinac (May 2008). "Design of an Efficient Scalable Vector Graphics Player for Constrained Devices". IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. 54 (2). IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics (Vol. 54 issue 2): 895–903. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.648.6798. doi:10.1109/TCE.2008.4560176. S2CID 1722027. Retrieved 2014-01-28.

External links

Official website
gpac on GitHub
GPAC Licensing (business support)

[paper-1] 1 2 3 4Jean Le Feuvre; Cyril Concolato; Jean-Claude Moissinac (2007). "GPAC: open source multimedia framework". Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Multimedia. ACM Digital Library. pp. 1009–1012. doi:10.1145/1291233.1291452. ISBN 978-1-59593-702-5.

[contributors-2] 1 2 3 4"About us". People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28.

[y2k3-3] 1 2 3Romain Bouqueau (2014-01-22). "5000th commit, 10 years of open-source software". People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28.

[wikidata-6845a2c0b63468750271d4b96deadca3128326de-v20-4] "Release 26.07.0". 24 July 2026. Retrieved 25 July 2026.

[100M-5] Romain Bouqueau (June 2025). "GPAC, 100 Million Downloads". Retrieved 2026-07-02.

[OSC-6] 1 2 3Jean Le Feuvre; Cyril Concolato (December 2012). "GPAC, Toolbox for Interactive Multimedia Packaging, Delivery and Playback". Open Source Column. ACM SIGMM Records. ISSN 1947-4598. Archived from the original on 2014-01-29. Retrieved 2014-01-28.

[7] "Release GPAC 1.0 · gpac/gpac". GitHub. Retrieved 2024-10-30.

[8] ttps://github.com/gpac/mp4box.js/

[9] "x264 automatically detects gpac/mp4 · videolan/x264". VideoLan GitLab. Retrieved 2026-07-02.

[C99-10] Jean Le Feuvre. "GPAC Filters". ACM SIGMM Records. Retrieved 2026-07-02.

[11] GPAC (2013). "About us". GPAC Licensing. Archived from the original on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 2014-01-28.

[12] Sofer, Nir (2013). "VideoCacheView". NirSoft.net. Retrieved 2014-01-28. uses MP4Box installed as a part of GPAC package to convert the MPEG-DASH streams into a valid mp4

[13] GPAC. "Other academic works using GPAC". Publications. People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28.

[Bouqueau-14] 1 2Bouqueau, Romain (2013-05-09). "GPAC Licensing". GPAC Licensing. Retrieved 2014-01-28. The GPAC and MP4Box trademarks are internationally registered by Telecom ParisTech

[Bouqueau2-15] Bouqueau, Romain (2022-11-08). "Netflix deploys GPAC as their primary packager". GPAC Licensing. Retrieved 2024-07-25. GPAC deployed by Netflix as their primary packager

[Rayburn-16] Rayburn, Dan (2023-04-18). "NAB Streaming Summit 2023". NAB Streaming Summit. Retrieved 2024-07-25. Netflix uses GPAC in all their packaging scenarios

[17] "Rearchitecture - GPAC wiki". wiki.gpac.io. Retrieved 2024-10-30.

[18] ttps://monitor.gpac.io/

[19] "GPAC wiki". wiki.gpac.io. Retrieved 2024-10-30.

[20] "Release GPAC 1.0 · gpac/gpac". GitHub. Retrieved 2024-10-30.

[21] ttps://wiki.gpac.io/Howtos/filters-oneliners/

[22] ttps://github.com/gpac/mp4box.js/

[23] ttps://gpac.io/2025/06/19/announcing-mp4box-js-1-0-0-with-typescript-support/

[24] ttps://github.com/gpac/ComplianceWarden

[25] ttps://github.com/gpac/gst-gpac-plugin

[26] ttp://next.motionspell.com/featured-use-cases/ffgpac/

[27] ttps://github.com/gpac/jitsu-oss

[features-28] 1 2 3"GPAC features". People@GPAC. Retrieved 2014-01-28.

[tiny-29] 1 2 3 4 5 6Cyril Concolato; Jean Le Feuvre; Jean-Claude Moissinac (May 2008). "Design of an Efficient Scalable Vector Graphics Player for Constrained Devices". IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. 54 (2). IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics (Vol. 54 issue 2): 895–903. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.648.6798. doi:10.1109/TCE.2008.4560176. S2CID 1722027. Retrieved 2014-01-28.

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History and standards

Architecture evolution and additional tools

Multimedia content features

Packaging

Playing

Streaming

Contributors

References

External links

関連するトピック

recursive acronym

JavaScript

x264

cross-platform