ジュリアン・マルヴォーによる1998年の『Black Issues in Higher Education』誌の記事からの抜粋には、次のように書かれている。「科学分野におけるアフリカ系アメリカ人女性の少なさには、他にも懸念すべき理由がある。特に、科学関連の職業は、職業分野の中でも最も重要で高収入な分野の一つだからだ。しかし、人材育成の過程における人材流出とジェンダー・ステレオタイプ化の両方が、科学分野におけるアフリカ系アメリカ人女性の過少代表の一因となっている。」
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