Access Point Name

APN settings connect your device to the internet via your mobile carrier’s cellular network. These settings include IP addresses, gateways, and other technical details that enable your phone to access mobile data and send MMS.

Typically, your APN settings are configured automatically when you insert your SIM card or activate an eSIM. However, you might need to update or manually configure your APN settings for faster, more reliable internet connectivity.^[1] An 'Access Point Name'(APN) is the name of a gateway^[2] between a mobile network (GSM, GPRS, 3G, 4G and 5G) and another computer network, frequently the public Internet.^[3]

Some Important APN Terms:

Below are some terms of the APN settings, explaining what each setting stands for:

APN: The APN address of your (mobile network operator) MNOs.

MMSC: The MMS message link.

Proxy: A proxy server’s address. Often, this area is left blank.

MCC (Mobile Country Code): A three-digit code that is used for the country’s identity.

MNC (Mobile Network Code): The mobile network operator is represented by a number code.

More specifically, the APN identifies the packet data network (PDN) that a mobile data user wants to communicate with. In addition to identifying a PDN, an Access Point Name may also be used to define the type of service(s), (e.g. connection to a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) server and access to Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)) that is provided by the packet data network. APN is used in 3GPP data access networks, e.g. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and evolved by packet core (EPC).

${\displaystyle \underbrace {\text{network id}} _{\text{Network Identifier}}.\underbrace {\color {blue}{\text{mnc}}\langle {\text{MNC}}\rangle .{\text{mcc}}\langle {\text{MCC}}\rangle .{\text{gprs}}} _{\color {blue}{\text{Operator Identifier}}}}$

Access Point Name structure

A structured APN consists of two parts^[4] as shown in the accompanying figure.

• Network Identifier: Defines the external network to which the Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) is connected. Optionally, it may also include the service requested by the user. This part of the APN is mandatory
• Operator Identifier: Defines the specific operator's packet domain network in which the GGSN is located. This part of the APN is optional. The MCC is the mobile country code and the MNC is the mobile network code which together uniquely identify a mobile network operator.

Examples of APN are:

• three.co.uk (Note: This example APN uses a domain name from the DNS which belongs to the operator)
• internet.t-mobile
• internet.mnc012.mcc345.gprs
• rcomnet.mnc015.mcc405.gprs
• internet (Note: This APN example does not contain an operator)
• NXTGENPHONE (Note: Does not contain an operator, however in practice it is AT&T Mobility's LTE APN)
• VZWINTERNET (Note: No operator, but the APN name clearly identifies Verizon)
• mobitel (Note: APN name clearly identifies the operator SLTMobitel)
• jionet (Note: APN name clearly identifies the operator Jio)
• tethering.dish.com (Tethering service by Dish Network)

LTE networks use APN-FQDN format, which differs from the 2G/3G format described above as follows. "apn.epc." is inserted before "mnc⟨MNC⟩", and the ".gprs" at the end becomes ".3gppnetwork.org" ^[5]

For example: the 2G/3G internet.mnc012.mcc345.gprs becomes internet.apn.epc.mnc012.mcc345.3gppnetwork.org .

In 2023, an incident was discovered where choosing the advancedinternet APN from the ISP KPN drained the battery of smartphones significantly faster. This APN was designed to give internet access without a firewall and public IP addresses.^[6]

• Rutter, Thomas. "What the APN settings mean". Atrac Life. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
• Staff writer (21 July 2013). "APN List for US, Canada, UK & Australia". APN Settings. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
• Zachery, Omar (12 March 2013). "APN-FQDN Naming Structure". Award Solutions. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 2016-03-13.